Module 4: Configuring Active Directory Sites and Replication

1. Module 4: Configuring Active Directory Sites and Replication

2. Module Overview • Overview of Active Directory Domain Services Replication • Overview of AD DS Sites and Replication • Configuring and Monitoring AD DS Replication

3. Lesson 1: Overview of Active Directory Domain Services Replication • How Active Directory Replication Works • How AD DS Replication Works Within a Site • Resolving Replication Conflicts • Optimizing Replication • What Are Directory Partitions? • What Is Replication Topology? • How Directory Partitions and the Global Catalog Are Replicated • How the Replication Topology Is Generated • Demonstration: Creating and Configuring Connection Objects

4. How Active Directory Replication Works Active Directory replication: • Uses a multimaster model • Uses pull replication • Uses store and forward replication • Uses loose consistency with convergence Changes that initiate replication include: • Addition of an object to Active Directory • Modification of an object’s attribute values • Deletion of an object from the directory

5. How AD DS Replication Works Within a Site In a single site: • Domain controllers notify replication partners when updates are applied • For normal updates, the change notification happens 15 seconds after the change is applied • Notifications for security related changes are sent immediately • Replication updates are not compressed

6. Resolving Replication Conflicts In a multimaster replication model, replication conflicts can arise when: • The same attribute is changed on two domain controllers simultaneously • An object is moved or added to a deleted container on another domain controller • Two objects with the same relative distinguished name are added to the same container on two different domain controllers To resolve replication conflicts, AD DS uses: • Server GUID • Version number • Time stamp

7. Optimizing Replication • In a multimaster replication model, AD DS updates can be replicated using multiple paths • AD DS uses update sequence numbers, high watermarks, and up-to-dateness vectors to ensure that updates are replicated to a specific domain controller only once

8. What Are Directory Partitions? Schema Configuration <Domain> <Application> Instance (AD LDS) AD DS Contains: Definitions and rules for creating and manipulating objects and attributes Forest Information about the Active Directory structure Information about domain-specific objects Domain Configurablereplication Information about applications Active Directory Database

9. Forest 1 Forest 2 Tree/Root Trust Forest Trust Parent/ChildTrust Forest (root) Forest (root) Domain D Domain B Domain Q Domain A Domain P Domain E Shortcut Trust External Trust Realm Trust Domain F Domain C Kerberos Realm

10. Instance là một bộ các directory partition có liên quan • Trong nhiều trường hợp, một instance có thể là một domain controller • Trong môi trường Active Directory, mỗi một domain controller gồm có ba directory partition. • Configuration – Mục configuration lưu các thông tin cấu hình có liên quan đến forest mà trong đó domain controller tồn tại. Mục cấu hình lưu các đối tượng cấu hình có liên quan đến những thứ như vị trí, dịch vụ và directory partition. • Schema – Partition này làm việc giống như các giản đồ cơ sở dữ liệu khác. Nó định nghĩa các lớp, thuộc tính cho mọi đối tượng có thể trong toàn bộ Active Directory. • Domain – Partition này lưu các đối tượng cụ thể cho miền. Các đối tượng này gồm có những thứ như user, computer và group.

11. What Is Replication Topology? A1 A1 B1 A2 A2 B2 A3 A3 A4 A4 B3 Domain controllers from various domains Domain A Topology Domain B Topology Domain controllers in the same domain Domain A Topology

12. How Directory Partitions and the Global Catalog Are Replicated Global catalogserver A1 B1 A2 B2 Global catalogserver A3 A4 B3 Global catalogserver Domain controllers from various domains Domain A topology Domain B topology Schema and configurationtopology Global catalog replication

13. How the Replication Topology Is Generated Active Directory uses the KCC (Knowledge Consistency Checker) to establish a replication path between domain controllers • Each domain controller has two replication partners for each Active Directory partition • The KCC creates two one-way connection objects between replication partners to ensure that no two domain controllers are ever more than three network hops away • When a new domain controller is added to a site, the KCC recalculates connection objects • Connection objects can replicate one or more partitions

14. How the Replication Topology Is Generated • The Knowledge Consistency Checker (KCC) is an Active Directory component that is responsible for the generation of the replication topology between domain controllers.  • This article describes the role of one server per site, known as the Inter-Site Topology Generator, which is responsible for managing the inbound replication connection objects for all bridgehead servers in the site in which it is located. Active Directory uses the KCC (Knowledge Consistency Checker) to establish a replication path between domain controllers

15. Demonstration: Creating and Configuring Connection Objects In this demonstration, you will see how to create connection objects and configure existing connection objects

16. Lesson 2: Overview of AD DS Sites and Replication • What Are AD DS Sites and Site Links? • Discussion: Why Implement Additional Sites? • Demonstration: Configuring AD DS Sites • How Replication Works Between Sites • Comparing Replication Within Sites and Between Sites • Demonstration: Configuring AD DS Site Links • What Is the Inter-site Topology Generator? • How Unidirectional Replication Works

17. Sites are used to organize well-connected computers within an organization to optimize network bandwidth. Excessive network traffic can occur between remote locations due to frequent exchange of large amounts of data and directory information.

18. What Are AD DS Sites and Site Links? Sites: A1 • Identify network locations with fast reliable network connections • Are associated with subnet objects in Active Directory A2 IP Subnet IP Subnet Site Site Link B1 B2 IP Subnet B3 IP Subnet Site

19. Use sites to optimize network bandwidth • Workstation logon traffic. • Replication traffic: • When a change occurs in Active Directory, sites can be used to control how and when the change is replicated to domain controllers in another site. • Distributed file system (Dfs) topology • When a shared file or folder has multiple locations, a user will be directed to a server in his or her own site. Localizing the availability of servers in a site reduces traffic across slow links. • File Replication service (FRS) • FRS is used to replicate the contents of the SYSVOL directory, which includes logon and logoff scripts, Group Policy settings, and system policies

20. Assess the need for sites • Available bandwidth. • Anticipated replication traffic. • Placement of domain controllers.

21. Using Site Links in a Network

22. Factors Affecting Replication

24. Discussion: Why Implement Additional Sites? • Why would an organization choose to implement additional sites? • What are the benefits and disadvantages of creating additional sites?

25. Demonstration: Configuring AD DS Sites In this demonstration, you will see how to: • Create sites and subnets • Move domain controllers to other sites

26. How Replication Works Between Sites You can configure: A1 • Replication paths between sites • Replication schedulesand frequency • Replication protocols A2 Site Site Link B1 B2 B3 Site

27. Comparing Replication Within Sites and Between Sites A1 IP Subnet A2 Replication IP Subnet A1 IP Subnet A2 Replication IP Subnet B1 IP Subnet Replication B2 Replication IP Subnet

28. Demonstration: Configuring AD DS Site Links In this demonstration, you will see how to: • Configure the default site link • Create additional site links • Add sites to the site links

29. What Is the Inter-site Topology Generator? B2 A2 B1 A1 Inter-site topology generator Bridgehead server IP Subnet • The inter-site topology generator defines the replication between sites on a network Replication IP Subnet IP Subnet Replication Inter-site topologygenerator Replication IP Subnet Bridgehead server

30. How Unidirectional Replication Works • Unidirectional replication ensures that changes to a read-only domain controller are never replicated to any other domain controller

31. Lesson 3: Configuring and Monitoring AD DS Replication • What Is a Bridgehead Server? • Demonstration: Configuring Bridgehead Servers • Demonstration: Configuring Replication Availability and Scheduling • What Is Site Link Bridging? • Demonstration: Modifying Site Link Bridges • What Is Universal Group Membership Caching? • Demonstration: Configuring Universal Group Membership Caching • Demonstration: Tools for Monitoring and Managing Replication

32. What Is a Bridgehead Server? A bridgehead server: Bridgehead Server IP Subnet • Sends and receives replicated data • Is designated for each partition in the site A1 IP Subnet Replication IP Subnet IP Subnet B1 Bridgehead Server

33. Demonstration: Configuring Bridgehead Servers In this demonstration, you will see how to configure bridgehead servers

34. Demonstration: Configuring Replication Availability and Frequency In this demonstration, you will see how to configure the site link object to manage replication between sites

35. What Is Site Link Bridging? IPSubnet IPSubnet Site B Site Link AB Site Link BC Site Link Bridge A1 B2 B1 B3 C2 C1 A2 Site A Site C IPSubnet IPSubnet IPSubnet IPSubnet

36. Demonstration: Modifying Site Link Bridges In this demonstration, you will see how to: • Disable site link bridging • Create a new site link bridge

37. What Is Universal Group Membership Caching? A1 A2 B1 Global Catalog Server Bridgehead server • Enables domain controllers in a site with no global catalog servers to cache universal group membership IP Subnet IP Subnet IP Subnet IP Subnet Bridgehead server

38. Demonstration: Configuring Universal Group Membership Caching In this demonstration, you will see how to: • Configure universal group membership caching for a site • Configure the source for caching

39. Demonstration: Tools for Monitoring and Managing Replication In this demonstration you will see how to: • Identify the domain controller holding the ISTG role • Force the KCC to run, and how to force replication • Use Repadmin, NLTest, and DCDiag

40. Lab: Configuring Active Directory Sites and Replication • Exercise 1: Configuring AD DS Sites and Subnets • Exercise 2: Configuring AD DS Replication • Exercise 3: Monitoring AD DS Replication Logon information Estimated time: 60 minutes

41. Lab Review • What additional changes would you need to make to the AD DS site configuration if you needed to ensure that all replication traffic in the New-York site passed through NYC-DC2? • What additional changes would you need to make if you implemented another WAN connection between Tokyo and London, and wanted to use that WAN connection for AD DS replication instead of routing all replication changes through NewYork-Site? • Why did you force the domain controllers in the lab to update their IP addresses in DNS?

42. Module Review and Takeaways • Review questions • Considerations for configuring AD DS sites and replication • Tools

43. Beta Feedback Tool • Beta feedback tool helps: • Collect student roster information, module feedback, and course evaluations. • Identify and sort the changes that students request, thereby facilitating a quick team triage. • Save data to a database in SQL Server that you can later query. • Walkthrough of the tool

44. Beta Feedback • Overall flow of module: • Which topics did you think flowed smoothly, from topic to topic? • Was something taught out of order? • Pacing: • Were you able to keep up? Are there any places where the pace felt too slow? • Were you able to process what the instructor said before moving on to next topic? • Did you have ample time to reflect on what you learned? Did you have time to formulate and ask questions? • Learner activities: • Which demos helped you learn the most? Why do you think that is? • Did the lab help you synthesize the content in the module? Did it help you to understand how you can use this knowledge in your work environment? • Were there any discussion questions or reflection questions that really made you think? Were there questions you thought weren’t helpful?