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Personally disadvantageous behavior = altruism or spite

Jensen, Hare, Call & Tomasello (2006): What’s in it for me? Self-regard precludes altruism and spite in chimpanzees . from Jensen et al 2006a. B. A. Personally disadvantageous behavior = altruism or spite

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Personally disadvantageous behavior = altruism or spite

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  1. Jensen, Hare, Call & Tomasello (2006): What’s in it for me? Self-regard precludes altruism and spite in chimpanzees

  2. from Jensen et al 2006a B A • Personally disadvantageous behavior = altruism or spite • Altruistic Punishment = spiteful behavior by A in response to previous selfish behavior by B • Disadvantageous inequity = other’s gains greater than yours • Advantageous inequity = other’s gains less than yours

  3. Apparatus and Setup

  4. Experiment 1. Mutualism & selfishness: Do chimps prefer selfish or mutualist feeding strategies? Actor can reach only inner cup of either table Recipient can reach outer cup of accessible table if actor chooses this table

  5. Experiment 1: Results • Data collapsed – no session, recipient, or testing order effects • Recipient’s presence or absence did not influence actors’ choices. • Not selfish • Not adverse to disadvantageous inequity Data collapsed – no session, recipient, or testing order effects Recipient’s presence or absence did not influence actors’ choices. Pull choices Grey = accessible table Black = inaccessible table

  6. Experiment 2. Altruism & weak spite:Will chimpanzees choose altruism (no reward) or withholding (no bananas to either)? Bananas only in outer cups so pull →no bananas for actor/recipient or banana for recipient only

  7. Experiment 2: Results No difference between test and control conditions Neither altruistic nor spiteful Not other-regarding or averse to disadvantageous inequity Data collapsed (no order or recipient effects) Kin made fewer choices. Altruistic and spiteful choices not affected. Pull choices Grey = accessible table Black = inaccessible table White = no choice

  8. Experiment 3.Altruism & spite:Will chimpanzees actively prevent recipients from getting banana treats? If actor does nothing* (15-25s) → recipient gets banana If actor pulls inaccessible table → no bananas for either *If actor does not pull inaccessible table rope,within 10 sec E moves accessible table torecipient. During move,actor able to pullinaccessible table,preventing recipient’s banana acquisition.

  9. Experiment 3: Results No difference between control and test conditions Lack of other-regard or tolerance of disadvantageous inequity aversion? Data again collapsed Kinship (with alpha male) does not affect “doing nothing” or pulling away from or towards recipient. Pull choices Grey = accessible table Black = inaccessible table White = no choice

  10. Summary: Chimps indifferent to payoffs for conspecifics No difference mutualism & selfishness No difference altruism & weak spite No difference altruism & spite Pull choices Grey = accessible table Black = inaccessible table White = no choice

  11. Discussion • Chimps not other-regarding • Indifferent to inequity in food-acquisition context • No evidence of anger (as occurs in humans) • Chimps focus on self • Differ from humans • Features of cooperation arose within last 6 million years of human evolution

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