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Completions Lesson Outline

Completions Lesson Outline. Review Learning Objectives Present Completions materials Discuss Completions hazards Present a Marcellus Shale video Identify more hazards in video Review questions in the lesson Wrap-up discussion-observations. Site Selection & Preparation. Well

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Completions Lesson Outline

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  1. Completions Lesson Outline Review Learning Objectives Present Completions materials Discuss Completions hazards Present a Marcellus Shale video Identify more hazards in video Review questions in the lesson Wrap-up discussion-observations Site Selection & Preparation Well Construction Completions Production

  2. Review Learning Objectives State how to identify each of the four operations that can be underway during the well completion process, either: Perforating Hydraulic Fracturing Well Testing – Flowback Rigging Down List the hazards associated with the above processes Upon completing the Completions lesson, participants will be able to:

  3. Completing the Well The most complex Completions process is called stimulation, with two major stages: Perforating Hydraulic Fracturing “Fracing”, shown in the picture, is the most congested wellsite operation Site Selection & Preparation Well Construction Completions Production Source: Talisman

  4. Step 1: Perforating First stimulation step in Completions is perforating… • Perforating guns use explosives • A high explosive jet gun is lowered into the well • Shaped, powerful charges are used to get through casing & cement in the well – see the green arrow • Explosives require special handling Source: EKT Interactive, Inc.

  5. Perforating Hazards First Responder hazards include: Explosive detonation on the surface Slip, trip and fall hazards due to abundance of equipment and manifolds in place Discussion of hazards associated with perforating… Perforating is a very controlled process with detailed procedures for perforating crews to manage the explosives. During perforation, the wellsite will be cordoned off and radio and cell phone communications will be banned to eliminate any stray voltage reaching the explosives. Big Rule: Treat Completions incidents as HazMat until you find a reason not to

  6. Step 2: Hydraulic Fracturing Second stimulation step in Completions is hydraulic fracturing… The Frac Control Van (green arrow below) is First Responder point of contact … Source: Talisman

  7. Hydraulic Fracturing – cont’d Equipment required includes: Pump trucks Frac tanks Sand tanks-storage Water storage The “slickwater” slurry mixture has: Sand Water Chemicals Radioactive tracers may be onsite Equipment, sand, water, chemicals & radioactive tracers present… Pump Trucks Frac Tanks Sand Trucks Water Storage Sand Storage

  8. Onsite Frac Spread How many potential hazards can you spot? • During fracing: • Pressures can be up to 9,500 psi • Hammer unions (couplings) and heavy walled pipe are used • Frac fluid has sand, water & small quantities of chemicals Source: Range Resources

  9. Hydraulic Fracturing Hazards First Responder hazards include: Medical emergencies (heart attacks, broken limbs, etc). Slips, trips, falls Piping operating under high pressure Personnel struck by piping Crushing type injuries Fuels and other chemicals on the wellsite Discussion of hazards associated with hydraulic fracturing… The service company employees performing hydraulic fracturing are highly trained in the management, set-up and operation of the processes required to perform this function. They can be a great asset to first responders should an emergency arise.

  10. Step 3: Flowback and Flares The third Completions step is “flowback” to clean the wellbore… • Flaring may be a result of “flowback” and might not always be a sign of trouble • Gas produced is safely flared to control dispersion • Flaring done under tight Operator supervision • Flowback may be conducted for days • The Operator should notify 9-1-1 dispatch when flaring anticipated Flare Stack Source: Range Resources

  11. Ready for Production Typical wellhead – Christmas tree configuration… • After well cleans up it is ready for production equipment to be installed • A “Christmas tree” set of valves is installed at surface • The cellar is back filled • The well may not go into full production until a gathering line is installed and connected to a compressor station Source: Talisman

  12. Step 4: Rigging Down & Secure the Wellsite Final Completions step is “rigging down” and securing the wellsite… • Rigging down the reverse of rigging up – with similar hazards • Pad congestion can cause hazards • Once completed the well has high pressure surface equipment • Final step is to secure the wellsite Don’t back into the wellheads Source: Talisman

  13. Rigging Down and Move-out Hazards First Responder hazards include: Falling objects or pipe during rig-down Wellhead struck by a vehicle during rig-down and move-out Fuel and other chemicals that may still be on the wellsite Discussion of hazards associated with “rigging down”… During rigging down, Operators watch for congestion and use spotters when moving equipment to avoid striking the wellhead or other production equipment. Big Rule: Use spotters when moving all First Responder equipment

  14. Introduce the Video Presented with the compliments of the Marcellus Shale Coalition Look for any First Responder hazards as you watch the video Make a note of the hazards or your questions for later discussion Instructor can stop the video if needed (by clicking on video presentation) After Video: 1. Any questions? 2. Review hazards identified by the class during the video A six minute summary of Marcellus gas well operations... Video will play on next mouse click

  15. Exercise – Questions On the handout sheet, please answer the following questions… 1) Perforating is conducted after the well has been fractured. [True or False] 2) What other liquids may a well produce, in addition to natural gas? (Check all that apply) □ Condensate □ Glycol □ Gasoline □ Produced Water 3) Radioactive tracers may be injected into a well with the water/sand slurry. [True or False] 4) Check the hazards which are more likely to be encountered during the well completion phase. □ High pressure □ Slips/trips/falls □ Explosions □ Crushing injury 5) Sort in logical order by placing the numbers 1- 4 in the blanks provided: ___ Flowback ___ Perforating ___ Fracturing ___ Production 6) Produced water from wells can be discharged on the ground or into a stream. [True or False]

  16. Exercise – Answers in Color Your handout sheet should have the following answers… 1) Perforating is conducted after the well has been fractured. [ False] 2) What other liquids may a well produce, in addition to natural gas? (Check all that apply) □ Condensate □ Glycol □ Gasoline □ Produced Water 3) Radioactive tracers may be injected into a well with the water/sand slurry. [True] 4) Check the hazards which are more likely to be encountered during the well completion phase. All are correct: □ High pressure □ Slips/trips/falls □ Explosions □ Crushing injury 5) Sort in logical order by placing the numbers 1- 4 in the blanks provided: 3 Flowback 1 Perforating 2 Fracturing 4 Production 6) Produced water from wells can be discharged on the ground or into a stream. [False]

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