Computer Network Construction

1. Computer Network Construction juancarlosolivares@hotmail.com jcolivar@itmorelia.edu.mx http://antares.itmorelia.edu.mx/~jcolivar/ M. Sc. Juan Carlos Olivares Rojas

2. Outline • Needs of Computer Networks • Criteria for Computer Networks • Computer Network Planning • Network Design • Hardware and Software Selection • Assembly of the Network • Network Applications • Internet Conections

3. Objectives • Construct a Computer Network Infrastructure using Structured Cabling Systems • Competences: • Making cables • Installing devices • Setup Computer, Host and Devices • Computer Network Planning

4. Needs of Computer Networks • The first step in the construction of a Computer Network is the evaluation of what services must provide the network infraestructure. • The networks are diferent in homes, offices, enterprises, academic, etc.

5. Criteria for Computer Networks • Exist a lot of criteria for constructing a Computer Network such as: • Transfer a lot of Data (Bandwith) • Communication of Long Distances (WAN) • Transfer data quickly (High Speed Networks) • Low cost (Ethernet) • Multiple users (Segmentation)

6. Computer Network Planning • The planning process in general is dificult. • Planning consist in three principal activities: • Itinerary (Tasks, Subtask) • Estimation (Time, Cost and Assign Role) • Tracking (control) • What’s the problem?

7. Network Design • The main problem in the construction of a computer network is the network modelling but not since logical point of view. We need consider the physical view. • It’s important to develop a plan design of network. We need to know how is the physical construction when the newtork will be implemented (We need the architectonic plan)

8. Activity • We need to construct a Computing Laboratory for this school in this classroom. • The needs and criteria are: 25 PC (1 Server, Professor Machine), using Offimatic, Business, Languages and Mathematical Software. • Construct de the network planning and network design of this network.

9. Hardware and Software Selection • It’s a process totally dependet of Network Budget. • We not spare cost in hardware infrastructure. • The cabling system have an aproximate duration of 10 years (Actually We must construct using Cat 6 UTP for Example)

10. Assembly of the Network • This process consist in the implementation and setup of hardware and software for the computer network infraestructure. • For these situation, we need to known and apply an Structured Cabling System.

11. Structured Cabling System • Components of Structured Cabling • Working Area • Horizontal Cabling • Backbone (Vertical) Cabling • Main Telecomunication Center • Intermedial Telecomunication Center • Incomming Services.

12. Structured Cable System • Planning of Structured • Electricity and Ground Conection Regulation • Solutions to drop voltages. • Security Normativity • Network Documentation • Logs • Diagrams. • Labeling Cables • Cable and Power Outlet Abstract • Devices, MAC and IP Addresses • Other resources

13. Cableado estructurado • Es una metodología para diseñar e instalar de manera adecuada redes de comunicación, particularmente, redes de computadoras. • Define más que una simple estructura o forma de realizar cableados de casas y empresas. Forma un estándar para simplificar las cosas. Se centra en la fase de planeación, instalación y expansión de la red. • It’s called Layer 0

14. What’s the problem?

15. Safety Procedures • Safety is the primary concern. • General safety precautions, while working with network building materials - both electrical and construction.

16. Structured Cabling Systems • A Structured Cabling System is a cabling and connectivity products that integrates data, voice, video and various management system of a building

17. Benefits of Structured Cabling System • Redundancy at design stage reduces downtime & repair time • Ease of fault location & repair • Flexibility, expandability & modular connecting platform • Ease of moves, adds and changes • Enhanced end-use understanding and control • Significant long term cost containment

18. Cable Distribution System • Cable Tray • Raised Floor • Conduit • Hung Ceiling / False Ceiling

19. Elements of a Structured Cabling System Figure 1 Figure 1

20. Structured Cabling Components

23. Work Flow • installing outlets • installing jacks • running cables • punching cables into patch panels • testing cables • documenting cables

24. Work Flow (cont) • installing NICs • installing hubs, switches, bridges, and routers • configuring routers • installing and configuring PCs

25. Place Copper Wires into a Jack

26. Documenting Cable Runs • A cut sheet • is a rough diagram that shows the locations of the cable runs. • indicates the numbers of the classrooms, offices, or other rooms, to which the cables have been run. • to place corresponding numbers on all telecommunications outlets and at the patch panel in the wiring closet.

27. TIA/EIA-606 for Labeling Cables • Labeling • NO terms such as "Mr. Zimmerman's math class," or "Ms. Thome's art class". • incorporate room numbers in the label information • incorporate color coding • For example, a blue label might identify horizontal cabling at the wiring closet only, while a green label might identify cabling at the work area.  • mark the cable three times, approximately 60 cm apart • Allow enough cable for the ends to reach all the way to each jack location, plus enough excess or slack to reach the floor and extend another 60-90 cm. • Do not cut the cables unless they have a label.

29. mounting cables in raceway • decorative raceway • presents a more finished appearance • gutter raceway • a less attractive alternative to decorative raceway. • mounted with adhesive backing or with screws

30. SAFETY RULES • turn off power to all circuits that might pass through those work areas • Never, ever, touch power cables • learn the locations of all fire extinguishers in the area. • Long pants and sleeves help protect your arms and legs. Avoid wearing excessively loose or baggy clothing.

31. SAFETY RULES (cont) • protect your eyes with safety glasses • If you anticipate working in a dropped ceiling area, survey the area. • Follow building safety codes

32. Supporting Horizontal Cables • wall-mounted gutter • tie-wraps • ladder rack • Tools • A telepole • is nothing more than a telescoping pole with a hook at one end to hold the cable. • is used to string cable across a dropped ceiling or attic quickly. • fishing cable • When you pull cable up through a wall, you ordinarily work from an attic or dropped ceiling space

33. Wiring Closets • the equipment in a wiring closet includes: • patch panels • wiring hubs • bridges • switches • routers

34. Network Operating Test • The baseline • is a record of your network's starting point or newly installed performance capabilities. • Continue to test your network on a regular basis in order to ensure that it performs at its peak • A cable tester is a hand held device that can certify that cable meets the required IEEE and TIA/EIA standards.

35. Cable Tester • determine cable distance • locate bad connections • provide wire maps for detecting crossed pairs • measure signal attenuation • measure near-end crosstalk  • detect split pairs  • perform noise level tests  • trace cable behind walls 

36. Cable Tester (Cont)

37. Conexión de cables

38. Jack El jack es el componente femenino en un dispositivo de red, toma de pared o panel de conexión.

39. Jack Para que la electricidad fluya entre el conector y el jack, el orden de los hilos debe seguir el código de colores T568A, o T568B recomendado en los estándares EIA/TIA-568-B.1

40. Configuración

41. Conexión directa • Utilice cables de conexión directa para el siguiente cableado: • Switch a router • Switch a PC o servidor • Hub a PC o servidor

42. Conexión Cruzada • Utilice cables de conexión cruzada para el siguiente cableado: • Switch a switch • Switch a hub • Hub a hub • Router a router • PC a PC • Router a PC

43. CABLE TESTER.

44. We all have some ugly wiring

45. Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable • Labeling is a key to reduce work later

46. Fiber Optic Cable Construction • Fiber has bend radius issues

47. Fiber Optic Cable Construction • Leave slack loops

48. Cutting, Striping & Crimping Tools

49. Punching Tool

50. Cabling Rules • Try to avoid running cables parallel to power cables. • Do not bend cables to less than four times the diameter of the cable. • If you bundle a group of cables together with cable ties (zip ties), do not over-cinch them. You should be able to turn the tie with fingers. • Keep cables away from devices which can introduce noise into them. Here's a short list: copy machines, electric heaters, speakers, printers, TV sets, fluorescent lights, copiers, welding machines, microwave ovens, telephones, fans, elevators, motors, electric ovens, dryers, washing machines, and shop equipment. • Avoid stretching UTP cables (tension when pulling cables should not exceed 25 LBS). • Do not run UTP cable outside of a building.  It presents a very dangerous lightning hazard! • Do not use a stapler to secure UTP cables.  Use telephone wire/RJ6 coaxial wire hangers which are available at most hardware stores.