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Anti-Immigrant Nativism as Sons of the Soil Conflict

Anti-Immigrant Nativism as Sons of the Soil Conflict. The role of immigration and ethnic change in stimulating ethno-nationalism in England Eric Kaufmann, Birkbeck College, U. London e.kaufmann@bbk.ac.uk ; @ epkaufm. Sons of the Soil.

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Anti-Immigrant Nativism as Sons of the Soil Conflict

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  1. Anti-Immigrant Nativism as Sons of the Soil Conflict The role of immigration and ethnic change in stimulating ethno-nationalism in England Eric Kaufmann, Birkbeck College, U. London e.kaufmann@bbk.ac.uk; @epkaufm

  2. Sons of the Soil Residence and Rebellion: Mean Maximum Rebellion Scores by Category of Residence • N.B. A score of 1 indicates no rebellion. • N refers to number of such groups in the MAR dataset. Source: Fearon and Laitin 2011

  3. Sons of the Soil Conflicts • Indigenousness (Eriksen 1993) • Dominant ethnicity; dominant ethno-nationalism (Kaufmann 2004) • Ethno-nationalism includes a concern with individual migration/change • Autochthony: internal migration across ethnic boundaries, into ‘our’ land • West: international migration across ethnic/national boundaries, into ‘our’ land

  4. Cultural Liberalism Individualism - - English Ethnic Nationalism - + Integration/ Assimilation/ Boundary Shift Immigration and Minority Growth

  5. Source: Ipsos MORI, 'Attitudes to Immigration' (forthcoming). Issues Index question: “What do you see as the most/other important issues facing Britain today?”. Issues Index base: representative sample of c.1,000 British adults age 18+ each month, interviewed face-to-face in home. Home Office statistics based on ‘Year ending’.

  6. Locality Matters • Nation could be the local writ large (Applegate 1990; Confino 1997; Zimmer 2013) • Local could be a passive space inscribed by national discourses • But then, why do opinions on national issues vary by locale, AND • Why are demographic changes to the nation experienced so differently by locale?

  7. Local Realities Shape Perceptions of the Nation (Kaufmann 2008) Nation Local

  8. Source: Home Office Citizenship Survey (Office for National Statistics and Home Office 2011)

  9. Table 2. White British Discomfort Threshold for Minority Share, Ward-level, 2013 Source: Yougov 2013. • 'When do you think you would start to feel uncomfortable about the number of people from ethnic minorities… • A) ‘living in your neighbourhood’? • B) ‘living in Britain’? • .60 correlation

  10. Individualism • Mobility: Renter or recent mover v. long-term resident • Living in a transient area • Living in an urban area • Higher Education/Student • Higher social class • Importance of occupation for identity vs. importance of ethnicity/nation • Young

  11. Desire to reduce migration, by class and proportion of renters, among ward residents, white British only Source: Home Office Citizenship Survey (Office for National Statistics and Home Office 2010, 2011)

  12. Source: Harris 2012

  13. Source: Harris 2012 (census and election statistics)

  14. Source: Understanding Society survey, waves 1-3, 2009-12

  15. Source: Election data from Plymouth Elections Centre Data; ONS 2013. http://www1.plymouth.ac.uk/research/ceres/TEC/thecentre/Pages/default.aspx

  16. White Flight in Britain? Source: Yougov survey, August 2013 (Yougov 2013). N = 1638 white British adults. Note that number of cases is slightly different for different groups of variables depending on response rate

  17. Conclusion • Ethnic Change associated with English ethnic nationalism • Local ethnic dynamics matter for perceptions of national issues • Assimilation of European immigrants has historically reduced English ethnic nationalism • Local contact with and habituation to minorities, rather than integration, reduces opposition to immigration

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