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MDG data disaggregation by ethnic group Brazil Session 3: Localizing MDG monitoring

MDG data disaggregation by ethnic group Brazil Session 3: Localizing MDG monitoring Panel 3.1 Localizing the MDGs October 20, 2011 Leonardo Athias Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. International Conference on MDG Statistics Manila, Philippines, 19-21 Oct 2011. Contents

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MDG data disaggregation by ethnic group Brazil Session 3: Localizing MDG monitoring

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  1. MDG data disaggregation by ethnic group Brazil Session 3: Localizing MDG monitoring Panel 3.1 Localizing the MDGs October 20, 2011 Leonardo Athias Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics International Conference on MDG Statistics Manila, Philippines, 19-21 Oct 2011

  2. Contents • Important data about Brazil • MDG monitoring in Brazil • IBGE and ethnic classification • Issues about racial investigation in Brazil • Racial inequalities regarding MDGs • Inequalities and policies • Ethnic classification: harmonization, coverage and challenges • Ethnic classification: next steps

  3. Important data about Brazil - Federation of 27 states - 8.5 million Km2 - 191 million inhabitants (2010 Census) - 84% urban - 48% white population - Established statistical system - NSO - High human development... HDR 2010 p. 149

  4. Important data about Brazil - Federation of 27 states - 8.5 million Km2 - 191 million inhabitants (2010 Census) - 84% urban - 48% white population - Established statistical system - NSO - High human development... - ... but high levels of inequality as well HDR 2010 p.153

  5. MDG monitoring in Brazil - Reports 1st - 2004 2nd - 2005 2nd - 2005 2nd - 2005 - Inequalities tracking - Gender - Race - Regions - Southeast - Northeast - Urban and Rural areas - 5ths of income 4th - 2010 3rd - 2007

  6. MDG monitoring in Brazil - MDG related publications regarding ethnicity MDG Thematic Series - 2004 “Race and gender inequalities” UNDP Publication - 2004 “Racial Atlas”

  7. MDG monitoring in Brazil - MDG related publications regarding ethnicity UNDP Publication - 2004 “Racial Atlas” Proposition: Durban / MDG / DevInfo Seven Themes 1- demography 2- health and access to services 3- reproductive health 4- family and household 5- education 6- work and income 7- unemployment and pension coverage

  8. IBGE and ethnic classification - IBGE - Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics - IBGE coordinates the national statistical system and provide official statistics to MDG monitoring

  9. IBGE and ethnic classification - IBGE - Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics - IBGE coordinates the national statistical system and provide official statistics to MDG monitoring - Brazil investigates race and ethnicity since its first census (1872) - Racial categories in censuses have been basically the same - Interruptions: 1930s, 1970s - Self-classification - Categories since 1991: - White (‘Branca’) - Black (‘Preta’) - Brown (‘Parda’) - Yellow (‘Amarela’) - Indigenous (‘Indígena’)

  10. IBGE and ethnic classification - IBGE - Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics - IBGE coordinates the national statistical system and provide official statistics to MDG monitoring - Brazil investigates race and ethnicity since its first census (1872) - Racial categories in censuses have been basically the same - Interruptions: 1930s, 1970s - Self-classification - Categories since 1991: - White (‘Branca’) - Black (‘Preta’) - Brown (‘Parda’) - Yellow (‘Amarela’) - Indigenous (‘Indígena’)

  11. Issues about racial investigation in Brazil • - The complex racial investigation in Brazil • - Racial continuum • - Absence of legal segregation • - Studies show that differences are not only due to starting point

  12. Issues about racial investigation in Brazil • - To investigate racial inequalities, it is usual to add blacks + mulattos/brown • - Main arguments: • - Statistical consistency • - Similarities of social indicators within the ‘non-white’ population 1st Brazilian MDG Report (2004) IBGE - Social Indicator Synthesis (2010)

  13. Inequalities and policies - Education inequalities - Effect of universal policies - Direction towards professional education - Few specific racial policies Source: 1st Brazilian MDG Report - English version (2004)

  14. Inequalities and policies Population under US$ PPC 1,25 per day according to race -Brazil - 1990/2008 - Income inequalities - Policies of conditional cash transfer Source: 4th Brazilian MDG Report (2010)

  15. Ethnic classif.: harmonization and coverage challenges • - Same classification in all IBGE Household surveys • - Difference with other administrative records / surveys • “preta” - “negra” • - Vital statistics - absence of data on race • - E.g. child mortality: 13% registers without information on race (2008) • - Administrative registers • - Indirect: classification of members of parliament

  16. Ethnic classification: next steps - Social Statistics Committee (since 2008) - Forum - Metadata - Better classifications / comparability - Survey on racial classification 2008 - Insert in 2012 the investigation in a module with national coverage

  17. IBGE http://www.ibge.gov.br/english/ Social Statistics Committee (in Portuguese) http://www.ibge.gov.br/projetos/comite_estatisticas_sociais/ Survey on racial classification 2008 (in Portuguese) http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/presidencia/noticias/noticia_visualiza.php?id_noticia=1933&id_pagina=1 E-mail leonardo.athias@ibge.gov.br

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