Unit 10 Pompeii Robert Silverberg

1. Unit 10 PompeiiRobert Silverberg Contemporary College English Book Ⅱ

2. Contents Warm-up 1 Background Information 2 Text Appreciation 3 Language Study 4 Extension 5

3. Warm-up 1 Questions / Activities Warm-up Objectives

4. Questions / Activities 1). Why does the author call Pompeii a strange city? 2). What happened to the city? 3). What was the city like before it was destroyed? 4). What are some other natural disasters in world history that you have learned about? Warm-up

5. Warm-up Objectives 1). Understand the structure and the general idea of the text 2). Know something about the history of Pompeii and what happened in AD 79 3). Be able to use specific verbs to describe things 4). Be able to create a dominant impression by using words about five senses 5). Know something about natural disasters like volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tornado etc.

6. Background Information 2 Author Background Culture Tips

7. His Life Background InformationAuthor RobertSilverberg (born January 15, 1935) is an American author, best known for writing science fiction. In 1956 he graduated from Columbia University, having majored in Comparative Literature.

8. Naples is the capital of Campania （坎泊尼亚） and the third-largest city in Italy, after Rome and Milan. It has a population of nearly one million within its administrative limits on a land area of 117.3 km2 (45 sq mi). The urban area of Naples extends beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of above three million. Background InformationCulture Tips

9. Naples Background InformationCulture Tips

10. The city of Pompeii is a partially buried Roman town-city near modern Naples. Pompeii was partially destroyed and buried under 4 to 6 m (13 to 20 ft) of ash and pumice(浮石) in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79, and it was lost for nearly 1700 years before its accidental rediscovery in 1749. Since then, its excavation has provided an extraordinarily detailed insight into the life of a city during the Pax Romana(罗马 和平时期.) Background InformationCulture Tips

11. Today, this UNESCO World Heritage Site is one of the most popular tourist attractions of Italy, with approximately 2,500,000 visitors every year. (United Nations Education, Scientific and Culture Organization) Background InformationCulture Tips

12. Pompeii the Last Day A multidisciplinary study of the eruption products and victims indicates that at Vesuvius and surrounding towns, heat was the main cause of death of people, previously believed to have died from ash suffocation. The results of the study, published in 2010, show that exposure to at least 250 °C hot surges at a distance of 10 kilometers from the vent was sufficient to cause instant death, even if people were sheltered within buildings. Background InformationCulture Tips

13. Background InformationCulture Tips Pompeii the Last Day

14. Mount Vesuvius Mount Vesuvius is best known for its eruption in AD 79 that led to the burying and destruction of the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum（意大利南部古城. They were never rebuilt, although surviving townspeople and probably looters （掠夺者） did undertake extensive salvage（救援） work after the destructions. The towns' locations were eventually forgotten until their accidental rediscovery in the 18th century. Background InformationCulture Tips

15. Background InformationCulture Tips Pompeii, with Vesuvius towering above

16. Vesuvius from plane Inside the crater of Vesuvius Background InformationCulture Tips

17. Jupiter is the king of the gods and the god of sky and thunder. Jupiter was the chief deity （神）of Roman state religion throughout the Republican and Imperial eras, until the Empire came under Christian rule. Jupiter is thought to have originated as a sky god. His identifying implement is the thunderbolt（雷电）, and his primary sacred animal is the eagle, which held precedence（优先） over other birds in the taking of auspices（鸟卜者 ） and became one of the most common symbols of the Roman army. Background InformationCulture Tips

18. Apollo is one of the most important and complex Olympian deities in ancient Greek and Roman religion, Greek and Roman mythology. Apollo has been variously recognized as a god of light and the Sun, truth and prophecy, healing, plague, music, poetry, and more. Apollo is the son of Zeus and Leto, and has a twin sister, the chaste （贞洁）huntress （女猎手）Artemis. Background InformationCulture Tips

19. Background InformationCulture Tips Jupiter Apollo

20. Isis（埃及神话，爱希丝，生育与繁殖的女神）is a goddess in Ancient Egyptian religious beliefs. She was worshipped as the ideal mother and wife as well as the patron of nature and magic. She was the friend of slaves, sinners, artisans（工匠）, and the downtrodden（被践踏）, and she listened to the prayers of the wealthy, maidens, aristocrats, and rulers. Isis is also known as protector of the dead and goddess of children. Background InformationCulture Tips

21. The name Isis means “Throne”. Her headdress（饰头巾） is a throne. As the personification of the throne, she was an important representation of the pharaoh‘s （法老）power. The pharaoh was depicted as her child, who sat on the throne she provided. Background InformationCulture Tips

22. Natural disasters We know that natural disasters have been reduced to mere statistics. But over the years people have also shown intense interest in them. For one thing, natural disasters cause a lot human tragedy, and human tragedy has always been a deep concern of human beings. Second, during a natural disaster, human beings usually reveal their true colors. We see ourselves at our best as well as at our worst. third, the careful study of natural disasters may reveal scientific laws which may eventually help man discover ways to deal with natural disasters better. Fourth, natural disasters are often linked with human errors, and therefore can lead to our better understanding of our mistakes and shortcomings. Background InformationCulture Tips

23. Natural disasters Fifth, the memory of natural disasters can always remind us that natural power is still much greater than human power, and it is stupid arrogance on our part to think that we can conquer nature. Man should forever be humble and learn to respect nature’s ways, and learn whatever other useful lessons from them. What is unique about this particular natural disaster is the fact the eruption destroyed a Roman city more than 2,000 years ago, but now the buried city is returned to us almost intact. What is unique about this particular natural disaster is the fact the eruption destroyed a Roman city more than 2,000 years ago, but now the buried city is returned to us almost intact. Background InformationCulture Tips

24. From the ash and rubble of the city we now see what this Roman City was like with every detail. Among the 2,ooo dead bodies we see men and women; old and young; rich and poor. We see gladiators, tourists, merchants, bakers. We see all kinds of buildings, including a brothel, and a bakery where there were still 81 loaves of bread left in the time of eruption. And in the buildings, we see furniture used at the time,domestic animals, and frescoes. No wonder Pompeii has become one of the most popular historical museums in the world. The present text is condensed from a much longer article that appeared in National Geographic many years ago.But even this much shortened version serves as a vivid introduction to this great archeological discovery. Background InformationCulture Tips

25. Text Analysis Structure Text Appreciation 3 Detailed Analysis

26. Structure Text Appreciation

27. 2. Detailed Analysis Part I: Main Idea 1). What was the city like before the eruption? 2). What were people in Pompeii doing before the eruption? 3). If the city had not been destroyed by the volcanic eruption, what would it be like today? Text Appreciation

28. Text AppreciationDetailed Analysis • Part I:

29. Part I: Sentence Paraphrase 1). Beneath the protecting shroud of ash, the city lay intact. (para 5.) Paragraphing: The city remained as it had been before the eruption. It had been protected by the thick layer of ash that buried the city deep. Text AppreciationDetailed Analysis

30. Part I: Sentence Paraphrase 2). A good imagination is all you need to restore it to activity. (para. 7) Paraphrasing: If you have a good imagination you will be able to imagine what was going on － the sights, sounds, smells and activities of a busy, prosperous Roman town. Text AppreciationDetailed Analysis

31. Part I: Exercises Translate the following sentences into English. 1).我的学校里没有别的美国人了。 There are no other Americans in my school. 2).他们最近已经从伦敦搬到乡村来住。 They've recently come down from London to live in the village. 3).你是不是有什么事要瞒着我？ Are you trying to hide something from me? Text AppreciationDetailed Analysis

32. Part I: Exercises 4).不久，绿色的嫩芽就会破土而出。 Soon, tiny green shoots will break through the soil's surface. 5).书都放得整整齐齐，井井有条。 The books were all neatly in place, carefully arranged. 6).一个年轻女孩翻阅着家庭相册，童年记忆重回眼前 A young girl's childhood memories come to life as she thumbs through her family photograph album. Text AppreciationDetailed Analysis

33. Part II: Main Idea 1). What did people do after eruption? 2). What caused the greatest loss of life? 3). Did anyone survive the volcanic eruption? How did they manage to do it? 4). What would you do if you had been there in Pompeii? Text AppreciationDetailed Analysis

34. Text AppreciationDetailed Analysis • Part II:

35. Part II: Sentence Paraphrase 1). The sound of the explosion died away, but it still reverberated in everyone’s ears. (para. 13) Paragraphing: Even when the loud sound stopped, people did not recover from the shock. 2). An hour went by and darkness still shrouded everything. (para. 14) Paragraphing: An hour passed, things did not improve and darkness covered everything. Text AppreciationDetailed Analysis

36. Part II: Sentence Paraphrase 3).Rushing throngs, blinded by the darkness and the smoke, rushed up one street and down the next, trampling the fallen in a crazy fruitless dash toward safety. (para. 17) Paragraphing: People panicked. They rushed into the streets to escape the falling buildings. It was dark and the air was full of smoke so they could not see where they are going. They rushed up one street and down the next in a hopeless attempt to reach safety. In their blind rush they ran over the bodies of people who had fallen down. Text AppreciationDetailed Analysis

37. Part II: Exercises 1).一股巨大的力量即将迸发而出。 A mighty force was about to break loose. 2).他只得把火吹旺使它烧起来。 He had to blow up the fire to make it burn. 3).公司的业务从汽车零售扩大到汽车出租。 From car retail the company branch out into car leasing. Text AppreciationDetailed Analysis

38. Part II: Exercises 4).台风过后，风渐渐平息了。 The winds died away after the typhoon had passed. 5).胜利即将到来。 Victory is at hand. 6).随着时光流逝，多少人来了又走，留下无尽故事。 As time goes by, numerous people come and go, with countless stories left here. Text AppreciationDetailed Analysis

39. Part II: Exercises 7).我们设法从购物的人潮中挤过去。 We tried to make our way through the crowds of shoppers. 8).一场新的灾难即将向庞培袭来。 A new trouble was in store for Pompeii. 9).虽然我没有失去知觉，但那剧烈的疼痛确实难忍。 Though I did not lose my consciousness, the sharp pain was really killing me. Text AppreciationDetailed Analysis

40. Words 4 Language Study Key Points Phrases

41. 一、Word List 1.Mighty 7.Shatter 2.Overwhelm 8.Shroud 3.Perish 9.Stumble 4.Poisonous 10.Topple 5.Reverberate 11.Trample 6.Savage 12.Regain Language Study

42. 一、World List 13.Absorb 19.Descend 14.Band 20.Drift 15.Board 21.Flee 16.Branch 22.Hoof 17.Collapse 23.Intact 18.Crouch 24.Loaf 25.Strike Language Study

43. 二、Phrases and Expressions 1. At hand 8. Branch out 2. Die away 9. Pour down 3. Plunge into 10. Make one’s way to 4. In store for 11. Descend on 5. Arm of 12. Restore sb/sth to sth 6. Come down from 13. Go over 7. Strike on 14. Blow up Language Study

44. 1. Mighty Adj. a. very strong and powerful b. large and impressive Examples: a mighty warrior 威猛的斗士 the mighty Mississippi river 浩荡的密西西比河 He struck him with a mighty blow across his shoulder. 他猛地一下砸在他的肩膀上 Language Study Word

45. 2. Overwhelm v. 1). to cover sb./sth. Completely e.g.: A great wave overwhelmed the boat 。 2). to have such a strong emotional effect on sb. that it is difficult for them to resist or know how to react. （感情或感觉）充溢，难以禁受 e.g. :She was overwhelmed by feelings of guilt. The beauty of the landscape overwhelmed me. Language Study Word

46. 2. Overwhelm 3). To defeat sb. Completely 4). to be so bad or so great that a person cannot deal with it; to give too much of a thing to a person. 压垮，使应接不暇 e.g.: We were overwhelmed by requests for information. ●Overwhelming Adj. 巨大的，压倒性的 e.g.: The evidence against him was overwhelming. Language Study Word

47. 3. Perish v. 1). to be lost or destroyed 2). (people or animals) to die. especially in a sudden violent way 死亡，暴死 e.g.: A family of five perished in the fire. Early building were made of wood and have perished. ●perishable adj.　易腐烂的，易变质的 perishable foods/goods Language Study Word

48. 4. Poisonous adj. 1). causing death or illness if swallowed or absorbed into the body 2). extremely unpleasant or unfriendly ●poisonous chemicals/plants poisonous snakes the poisonous atmosphere in the office Language Study Word

49. 5. Reverberate v. 1). (sound) to be repeated several times as it is reflected off different surfaces . e.g.: His voice reverberated around the hall. 2). to seem to shake because of a loud noise. e.g.: The hall reverberate with the sound of music and dancing. Language Study Word

50. 3). to have a strong effect on people for a long time or over a long area. e.g.: Repercussions （反响）of the case continue to reverberate through the finacial world. ● reverberation n. 影响　（广泛指消极的） Language Study Word