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Chapter 21: The Furnace of Civil War

Chapter 21: The Furnace of Civil War. AP History. A Union army of 30,000 men drilled near Washington. I’ll prepared to fight Lincoln called for an attack on the smaller Confederate force @ Bull Run Hopefully, they could take Richmond Read pages 435-436. 1 ST BATTLE OF BULL RUN.

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Chapter 21: The Furnace of Civil War

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  1. Chapter 21: The Furnace of Civil War AP History

  2. A Union army of 30,000 men drilled near Washington. I’ll prepared to fight Lincoln called for an attack on the smaller Confederate force @ Bull Run Hopefully, they could take Richmond Read pages 435-436 1ST BATTLE OF BULL RUN

  3. Significant psychological and political consequences: Victory was worse than defeat for the South. Southern enlistment fell sharply Preparations for a protracted war slackened Defeat was better than victory for the North. Illusions for a short war ended. Started preparing for a prolonged war 1ST BATTLE OF BULL RUN

  4. 1861- George MacClellan was given command of the Army of the Potomac- Pgs 436-437 Peninsula Campaign-May, 1862 (page 437) MacClellan and 100,000 troops inched towards Richmond Stonewall Jackson- put Washington DC in jeopardy Jeb Stuart harassed MacClellan Seven Days Battle- June 26, July 2- Lee’s smaller force attacked MacClellan’s troops Lee defeats MacClellan Page 437 PENINSULA CAMPAIGN

  5. The Union turns to TOTAL WAR! New Union Strategy: Slowly suffocate the South by blockading its coasts Liberate the slaves- destroy southern economy Take control of the Mississippi, cutting the Confederacy in half Chop the Confederacy to pieces- Take Georgia and the Carolinas Take Richmond Try everywhere to engage the enemy’s main strength and grind it to submission The war at Sea- 438-440 NEW UNION STRATEGY

  6. Lincoln fired MacClellan and replaced him with General John Pope Lee defeats Pope at the Second Battle of Bull Run- Aug. 1862 Lincoln re-instates MacClellan Robert E. Lee marches his troops into Maryland Hoped to gain foreign recognition Seduce the border states away from the Union Battle of Antietam- Sept 17, 1862- Single bloodiest day of the war The Pivotal Point: Antietam

  7. MacClellan had found a copy of Lee’s plans Read pages 440-441 MacClellan was again replaced Sept. 23, 1862- Emancipation Proclamation Confederacy lost any chance of gaining foreign support The Pivotal Point: Antietam

  8. EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION • Where he could he would not, and where he would he could not. • Its Effects: • Thousands of slaves ran away- one in seven • Strengthened the moral cause at home and abroad • No chance for diplomacy- Fight to the finish • Opposition in the North mounted • Abolitionist- not far enough/Butternut-Border states- went too far • South- Outcry of Injustice • Europe- Ultimate doom of slavery- any chance of European aid ended • BLACKS BATTLE BONDAGE- 443-444

  9. After Antietam Burnside replace McClellan Dec. 13, 1862- Fredricksburg- Burnside slaughter Pen Hooker replaces Burnside Chancellorsville- May 2-4, 1863- Jackson killed Meade replaces Hooker Lee Prepares to attack Pennsylvania Pages 445-446 LEE AT GETTYSBURG

  10. Three Days At Gettysburg

  11. THE WAR IN THE WEST

  12. Grants first victory came in northern Tennessee Brought Kentucky more securely into the North Shiloh- April 6-7, 1862 Union victory- No quick end to the war in the West Read Page 448 Spring of 1862- David Farragut takes N.O. THE WAR IN THE WEST

  13. July 4, 1863- Grant takes Vicksburg Spinal cord of the Confederacy was now severed News of Vicksburg and Gettysburg reached Washington at the same time Lessened the Northern peace agitation Caused massive economic pain to the Confederacy Diplomatic gain THE WAR IN THE WEST

  14. November, 1863- Grant takes Chattanooga, Tennessee was now in the hands of the Union Lincoln puts Grant in charge of the Army of the Patomac Sherman takes over in the West Sept. 63- Sherman captures Atlanta Nov. 63- Sherman burns Atlanta 1864- March to the Sea- TOTAL WAR SHERMAN SCORCHES GEORGIA

  15. THE WAR IN THE WEST

  16. The politics of war • Political infighting and factions within his own party threatened his presidency • Leading critics of the President- Samuel Chase • Resented his expansion of power • Called for complete emancipation • Northern Democrats • Associated with seceders • “War Democrats”- Supported the President • “Peace Democrats”- Did not support the war • “Copperheads”- Openly obstructed the war- Attacked the draft, Lincoln and Emancipation

  17. Republican Party became the Union Party Lincoln fought Chase for the party nomination- Lincoln won fairly easily Lincoln made Andrew Johnson his VP- Why? Democrats nominated General McClellan Read Pages 452-453 ELECTION OF 1864

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