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CHAPTER 17

1877-1890. CHAPTER 17. CHALLENGES TO GOVERNMENT AND CORPORATE POWER: RESISTANCE AND REFORM. CREATED EQUAL JONES  WOOD  MAY  BORSTELMANN  RUIZ.

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CHAPTER 17

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  1. 1877-1890 CHAPTER 17 CHALLENGES TO GOVERNMENT AND CORPORATE POWER: RESISTANCE AND REFORM CREATED EQUAL JONES  WOOD  MAY  BORSTELMANN  RUIZ

  2. “I am opposed to monopoly…of the men of the country monopolizing all of the votes…at the same time insisting upon having the distribution of all of the money…” Belva Lockwood, acceptance speech after being nominated for President by the National Equal Rights Party (1884)

  3. TIMELINE 1877 Great Labor Uprising Munn v. Illinois 1878 late-summer, machine-breakers in rural Ohio protest farming as business 1879 Terence V. Powderly becomes Grand Master Workman of the Knights of Labor Henry George, Progress and Poverty Standing Bear v. Crook Indian boarding school movement 1870s “Exodusters” (southern blacks) migrate to western Kansas 1880 Cigarette industry takes off with invention of cigarette-rolling machine and machine-made cigarettes

  4. TIMELINE continued 1881 3,000 Atlanta washerwoman strike Sitting Bull returns to US from Canada Tenth Calvary, Buffalo Soldiers, protest killings San Angelo, Texas 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act 1883 The Supreme Court and the Civil Rights case Spring, cowboys strike in Texas panhandle Washington Territory grants women the right to vote 1884 Riis, How the Other Half Lives, and Tenement House Commission 1885 Tape v. Hurley

  5. TIMELINE continued 1886 Wabash v. Illinois Yick Lo v. Hopkins Henry Grady of the Atlanta Constitution hails the “New South” Drought in the Plains and bitter cold winters The Colored Farmers’ Alliance Strikes in Richmond, VA Workers mobilize for 8-hour work day May 1, 1886: Haymarket Bombing 1887 Interstate Commerce Act Dawes Severalty Act 1888 Edward Bellamy, Looking Backward, “cooperative commonwealth” Hull House founded by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr

  6. TIMELINE continued 1889 las Gorras Blancas (the Whitecaps) begin their raids against ranchers Wovoka, Plains Indian, and the Ghost Dance and ghost shirts. 1880s People’s, or Populist, Party forms 1890 15 percent of southern black population in cities and towns Sitting Bull murdered by during arrest Massacre at Wounded Knee Wyoming grants women the right to vote

  7. CHALLENGES TO GOVERNMENT AND CORPORATE POWER Overview • Resistance to Legal and Military Authority • Revolt in the Workplace • Crosscurrents of Reform

  8. RESISTANCE TO LEGAL AND MILITARY AUTHORITY • Chinese Lawsuits in California • Protests Against Jim Crow in the South and West • The Ghost Dances on the High Plain

  9. Chinese Lawsuits in California • Chinese Americans use the American political and legal system • 1862: Ling Sing v. Washburn,groups cannot be singled out for special taxes • 1885: Tape v. Hurley, school discrimination, but results in separate schools for Asians • 1886: Yick Wo v. Hopkins, San Francisco laundry-licensing board engaged in discrimination

  10. Blacks in the “New South” • Work in the cotton fields, saw mills and railroad construction • “Convict lease” • Colored Masons and the Colored Odd Fellows • Black migration to west to avoid Jim Crow laws • Buffalo soldiers in US military

  11. Percentage of Farms Operated by Tenants or Sharecroppers

  12. The Ghost Dance on the High Plains • 1889: Wovoka, Paiute Indian and the Ghost Dance resistance • Ghost shirts said to shield against white man’s bullets • 1890: Sitting Bull murdered • December 28, 29, 1890: 146 Indians massacred at Wounded Knee, South Dakota

  13. Indian Lands Lost, 1850-1890

  14. REVOLT IN THE WORKPLACE • Trouble on the Farm • Militancy in the Factories and Mines • The Haymarket Bombing

  15. Trouble on the Farm • 1878: Machine-breakers, violence in rural Midwest: family farming has become big business • Natural disasters: • Drought for a decade • Bitter winters kill herds • Northern and Southern Alliances join • People’s or Populist Party

  16. Militancy in the Factories and Mines • 65-hour work weeks, industrial accidents, dangerous working conditions • Boycotts and strikes • Workers mobilize for 8-hour working day • American Federation of Labor, United Mine Workers, American Railway Union form

  17. Haymarket Bombing • May 1, 1886: 350,000 workers strike/40,000 in Chicago • May 4, 1886: • Rally in Haymarket to protest the murder of 2 McCormick Reaper strikers. Bomb kills 2 policemen. • Albert Parsons and and 3 others hung for conspiracy; others later pardoned • 1905: Lucy Parsons and Industrial Workers of the World and AFL form

  18. CROSSCURRENTS OF REFORM • The Goal of Indian Assimilation • Transatlantic Networks of Reform • Women Reformer-Missionaries

  19. The Goal of Indian Assimilation • Standing Bear galvanizes eastern reformers: • Boston Indian Citizenship Committee, the Women’s National Indian Association, Indian Rights Association • Assimilation: • For Indians’ welfare or to make more land available to European American settlers?

  20. Trans-Atlantic Networks of Reform • $30.00 and 10 days to cross the Atlantic • Exchange of ideas gives boost to reform impulse • Jane Addams’ settlement house • Offers women a place “where they might try out some of the things they have been taught • Settlement houses offer services for immigrants • Social Gospel

  21. Women Reformer-Missionaries • Rescuing Chinese prostitutes: Occidental Branch of the Women’s Foreign Missionary Society • Challenges to polygamy: Industrial Christian Home Association • Rescuing pregnant girls and women: Colorado Cottage House • Fighting alcohol, helping unwed mothers, and providing nurseries: The Women’s Christian Temperance Union

  22. Women’s Suffrage • Women given the vote after the settling of the West • Territory of Wyoming grants women vote in 1869 • Utah Territory in 1870 • Washington Territory in 1883 • The state of Colorado in 1893 • Idaho in 1896

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