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Evolution

Evolution. Courtesty /www.lab-initio.com. Definitions. Evolution : the change in frequency of genes within a population. Population : is all the individuals of a species that live in an area . Variation : heritable differences that exist in a population .

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Evolution

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  1. Evolution Courtesty /www.lab-initio.com

  2. Definitions Evolution: the change in frequency of genes within a population Population: is all the individuals of a species that live in an area Variation: heritable differences that exist in a population Adaptation: a variation that allows an individual to survive better than other individuals

  3. Important Considerations Individuals CANNOT evolve. Only populations can evolve. The most successful members of a population are the ones that have the most surviving offspring. They have made the greatest contribution to the gene pool.

  4. What Could Cause Gene Frequencies to Change? • Natural Selection • Migration • Random mutations • Accidents (within small populations) • Artificial Selection • Genetic Engineering

  5. Case Study: Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria • Antibiotics are drugs that kill bacteria by interfering with their metabolic processes • The first antibiotic was penicillin, and became available for medical use during WWII. • Certain genes may confer antibiotic resistance upon a bacteria. • Antibiotic resistant bacteria are becoming a medical emergency

  6. Antibiotic Resistance #1 A population of bacteria. Prescription: Treatment with an antibiotic

  7. Antibiotic Resistance #2 A population of bacteria after first treatment with an antibiotic

  8. Antibiotic Resistance #3 The population of bacteria recovers Prescription: Antibiotic at a higher dose

  9. Antibiotic Resistance #4 The population of bacteria aftera second course of the antibiotic

  10. Antibiotic Resistance #5 The population of bacteria recovers Prescription: A different antibiotic

  11. Courtesty /www.lab-initio.com

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