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Types of Irrigation

Types of Irrigation . Brenton Bartelt. History . Flood irrigation: Channels dug in fields, inefficient Egyptians and Mesopotamians Surface irrigation based off of flooding of Nile River Asia and Europe Diverted water from rivers and streams to fields

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Types of Irrigation

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  1. Types of Irrigation Brenton Bartelt

  2. History • Flood irrigation: • Channels dug in fields, inefficient • Egyptians and Mesopotamians • Surface irrigation based off of flooding of Nile River • Asia and Europe • Diverted water from rivers and streams to fields • Common precipitation used to be a sufficient source of irrigation for crops

  3. Irrigation Methods • Surface • Flood irrigation • Localized • Water distributed at low pressure • Sprinkler • Water distributed through pipes, distributed over field • Sub-Irrigation • Water directed towards root zone • In-ground irrigation • Everything buried underground, more presentable

  4. Surface Irrigation • Historically most common form • Water controlled by dikes, plugged by soil • Commonly used in rice fields • Split up into section • The field water efficiency is 20 to 50 percent.

  5. Localized Irrigation • Known as drip irrigation • Drips on individual plants • Positioned to drip on roots • Used in produce production • 80 to 60 percent water efficiency

  6. Sprinkler Irrigation • water is piped to one or more central locations • Sprinklers, spray, guns are permanently mounted • Center Pivot or Lateral Move • Low Energy Precision Application better applies water • Hydraulic or electric powered with GPS guidance

  7. Sub-Irrigation • Used on crops in high water tables • Water comes up from below root zone • Used in grasslands or river valleys • Combined with drainage infrastructure • Used in commercial greenhouse production • Ran for 10-2- minutes, water absorbed excess is recycled

  8. In-ground irrigation • Commercial and residential systems • Divided into zones because of lack of pressure and water • Irrigation controller sends signal to turn on or off • Smart controller- decides when to water • Sprinkler head extends/retracts based on pressure

  9. Water Sources • Drawn from rivers or streams • Drawn from underground wells • Treated waste water • Recycled drain water • Floodwater harvesting • Diverting flood water

  10. Measuring Efficiency • Irrigation methods are efficient enough to spread water to an entire field uniformly • Field Water Efficiency (%) = (Water Transpired by Crop ÷ Water Applied to Field) x 100

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