JUST DO IT!

JUST DO IT! • Take out your SOL Wrap Up Packets for me to check! • Using the packets on your desk and the last page of your notes packet, complete the chart! You may work together!

Slavery & Abolition—Women & Reform Session 5: Expansion & The Age of Jackson Sections 8.2 & 8.3

Objectives • Identify key abolitionists • Compare urban vs. rural slaves • Explain why women’s opportunities were limited in the mid-1800’s • Identify the reform movements that women participated in • Describe the progress of the women’s rights movement

Section 8.2 - Slavery & Abolition Main Idea Slavery became an explosive issue, as Southerners increasingly defended it, while Northerners increasingly attacked it. In addition, the abolition movement gained momentum in attempting to end slavery.

Abolitionists Speak Out • Abolition • movement to outlaw slavery that gained momentum in the 1830s • William Lloyd Garrison • Frederick Douglass • Abolitionist Movement

William Lloyd Garrison • White abolitionist and newspaper editor in Boston, Massachusetts • In 1831, he began publishing The Liberator, a newspaper that called for immediate, uncompensated, EMANCIPATION (freeing of slaves) • In 1833, he started the American Anti-Slavery Society, a group of white and black members who were committed to ending slavery

Frederick Douglass • American abolitionist and escaped slave from Maryland who became a public speaker for the American Anti-Slavery Society • Eventually published his own newspaper, The Northstar

Life Under Slavery • U.S. had 2 million slaves by 1830, and by 1860, the U.S. had 4 million slaves • Most slaves had been born in the U.S., spoke English, and worked on plantations • Marriage allowed but not legally protected by law

Plantation Slavery • Plantation (rural) slavery • Slaves worked from dawn until dusk in the fields • A white overseer or slave driver was placed in charge of work crews to make sure slaves worked throughout the day

Urban Slavery • Some skilled jobs in cities were opened up for slaves • Mill work, shipping, carpentry, blacksmithing • Slave owners hired out their slaves to factory owners

Slave Rebellions • Stono Rebellion • Gabriel Prosser • Denmark Vesey • Nat Turner’s Rebellion

Stono Rebellion • (1739) – 20 slaves in South Carolina tried to escape to Spanish controlled Florida • all were captured and killed, then beheaded • Sometimes called Cato's Conspiracy • Stono Rebellion

Gabriel Prosser • (1800) – plotted to take over Richmond, Virginia • Captured and killed

Denmark Vesey • (1820) – plotted to take over Charleston, South Carolina • He and his followers were captured and killed before they rebelled

Nat Turner’s Rebellion • (1831) – 80 slaves in Virginia attacked several plantations, killing 60 whites • State militia captured Turner and his followers • Put on trial, convicted, and hanged

Significance of Turner’s Rebellion • White on black violence erupted (200 blacks killed) • Southern whites determined to defend the institution of slavery • Slave Codes – state laws passed to restrict slaves’ activities

Section 8.3 - Women and Reform Main Idea At the same time the abolitionist and temperance movements grew, another reform movement to give equal rights to women took root. This became known as the women’s suffrage (right to vote) movement.

Women’s Roles in the Mid-1800s • Cult of Domesticity: dominant idea of the 1800s that married women were restricted to housework and child care • No political rights for women – no right to vote

Women’s Roles in the Mid-1800’s • Women participated in the: • Abolition Movement • Education Movement • Temperance Movement

Abolition Movement • Women active in trying to abolish slavery • Women spoke out against slavery, raised money, distributed literature, and collected signatures for petitions to Congress • The abolitionist cause became a powerful spur to other reform causes

Education for Women • Women became active in pushing for more educational opportunities for women • Sarah Grimke ran a school for women and wrote Letters on the Equality of Sexes and the Condition of Woman (1838) • She was also an abolitionist! • Emma Willard opened the The Troy Female Seminary, one of the first academically rigorous schools for girls • Oberlin College, in Ohio, submits four women in 1837, becoming the nation’s first coed college • African American women faced greater obstacles getting an education

Temperance Movement • Women became active in Temperance Movement, the effort to prohibit the drinking of alcohol • The American Temperance Society is founded in 1826, and by 1833 there were ~6,000 local temperance societies across the U.S. • Held rallies, produced pamphlets, and brought about decline in alcohol consumption

Women’s Role in the Mid-1800’s • Significance – Participation in these social movements provided women with the opportunity to become active outside of the home, which helped lead to the push for increased rights.

Women’s Rights Movement Emerges • Elizabeth Cady Stanton • Seneca Falls Convention • Susan B. Anthony

Elizabeth Cady Stanton • Attended an anti-slavery convention in Great Britain, the World’s Anti-Slavery Conventionin 1840, where women were discriminated against • Decided to form a women’s rights convention and establish a women’s rights movement

World Anti-Slavery Convention, 1840 William Lloyd Garrison

Seneca Falls Convention • The Seneca Falls Convention (1848) was a women’s right convention held by Elizabeth Cady Stanton andLucretia Mott • Women there drafted the Declaration of Sentiments to call for increased women’s rights including the right to vote • Based on the Declaration of Independence • “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal.”

Susan B. Anthony • Became a leading advocate for women’s suffrage in the mid to late 1800s • Along with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, founded NAWSA, (National American Woman Suffrage Association) in 1890

Homework: • Entire SOL Wrap Up Packet Due! • Complete Summary and Questions sections of notes!

JUST DO IT!

JUST DO IT!

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