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Parallel Processing

Parallel Processing. Group Members : PJ Kulick Jon Robb Brian Tobin. Topics. Theory of parallel computers SUPERCOMPUTERS Distributed Computing. What is parallelism???. Parallelism is the process of performing tasks concurrently. Real life examples: Definition.

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Parallel Processing

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  1. Parallel Processing Group Members: PJ Kulick Jon Robb Brian Tobin

  2. Topics • Theory of parallel computers • SUPERCOMPUTERS • Distributed Computing

  3. What is parallelism??? • Parallelism is the process of performing tasks concurrently. • Real life examples: • Definition • A pack of wolves hunting its prey. • An orchestra.

  4. Vector processor Array processor Shared memory Distributed memory Clusters Symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) Nonuniform memory access (NUMA) Flynn’s Hardware Taxonomy Processor Organizations Single instruction, single data (SISD) stream Single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) stream Multiple instruction, single data (MISD) stream Multiple instruction, multiple data (MIMD) stream Uniprocessor

  5. Taxonomy of parallel computing paradigms Parallel Computer Synchronous Asynchronous Vector/Array MIMD SIMD Systolic

  6. Vector 1-dimensional Single-stage MIMD 2-dimensional Multi-stage Hypercube Cross-bar Interconnection Networks(IN) IN topology Distributed Memory Shared Memory Static Dynamic

  7. Distributed Memory – Static Networks Linear array (1-d) 2-dimensional networks ring tree mesh star

  8. Distributed Memory – Static Networks (cont’d) Fully connected network

  9. Hypercube

  10. Distributed Memory Dynamic configurations multi-stage single-stage cross-bar

  11. Deep Blue • First computer to defeat a world chess champion • 32-node IBM Power Parallel SP2 • 6-move look ahead capability

  12. SP2 Architecture • “The IBM SP2 is a general-purpose scalable parallel system based on a distributed memory message passing architecture.” • 2 to 128 nodes • POWER2 technology RISC System/6000 processor

  13. SP2 Architecture

  14. SP2 Architecture

  15. Super Computers – “Real World” • RISC System technology • Running a high-volume scalable WWW server • Forecasting the weather • Designing cars • Compaq AlphaServer technology • Human Genome Project

  16. Sun Systems MAJC Chip

  17. MAJC • Implements parallel processing on one chip • Can operate in standalone or with up to several hundred others in parallel • First version contains two separate processors • As time goes many more will be included on one chip

  18. Four function units per processor Each function unit contains local registers Global registers can be accessed by all FU’s Operates as SIMD Multiple function units allow multiple instructions to be done simultaneously Each function unit can act as RISC/DSP processor itself Features

  19. Architecture

  20. Instruction Word

  21. SGI Onyx 3000

  22. Developed for visualization and supercomputing Modular design allows for scalability ease Snap together approach Growth in multiple dimensions NUMAFlex architecture Designed for different generations to work together Onyx 3000 Series

  23. Road Map

  24. Available configurations

  25. Applications of Onyx 3000 • High speed processing • Real time graphic to video • High-definition editing • Integral support for virtual reality, real-time six degrees of freedom (6DOF) interaction, and sensory immersion

  26. Real World Example The Cave(Iowa State University) • Recreation of Forbidden City • John Dear Factory • Molecular Structuring

  27. References • http://www.sun.com • http://www.sgi.com • http://www.ibm.com • http://www.vrac.iastate.edu • Stallings, Williams. Computer Organization and Architecture,5th Edition.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall 2000 • Lewis, Ted G. Introduction to Parallel Computing. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall 1992 • Kumar, Vippin. Introduction to Parallel Computing. Redwood City,California: The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company 1994 • Moldovan,Dan I. Parallel Processing: From Applications to Systems. San Mateo, California: Morgan Kaufmann 1993

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