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Industrialization, II: Changes in Society

Industrialization, II: Changes in Society. Urbanization Rapid growth of cities Environmental consequences: The Great Stink of London (1858) and miasmas Housing problems Diseases: typhus, typhoid fever, cholera, influenza Diet.

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Industrialization, II: Changes in Society

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  1. Industrialization, II: Changes in Society • Urbanization • Rapid growth of cities • Environmental consequences: The Great Stink of London (1858) and miasmas • Housing problems • Diseases: typhus, typhoid fever, cholera, influenza • Diet

  2. River Irwell, Manchester. The scum on the surface is the result of sewage.

  3. Housing in Manchester

  4. An attic occupied by a family of ten Illustrated Times, 1863

  5. The New Industrial City

  6. Worker Housing in Manchester

  7. Housing for factory workers in New York – early 1900s

  8. Housing for German Factory Workers -- 1902

  9. Conditions of labor • Hours • Inside the factory • Women and children

  10. Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830

  11. American Textile Mill

  12. British Children in the Mining Industry

  13. Changes in the social structure • Decline of the aristocracy • Rise of a proletariat • Rise of the middle class & Victorian womanhood

  14. Queen Victoria and family

  15. Impact of Industrialization: Optimists vs Pessimists • Production • 1780-1800 – doubled • 1800-1851 – rose 3 ½ times • Population • 1780 – 9 million • 1851 – 21 million • Was it worth it? • Irish example: agricultural and impoverished • Blake, Wordsworth, Dickens, Zola protested treatment of workers • Marxists wrote about the misery • Revisionists argued that standards of living rose; idea of poverty being bad

  16. Leisure • The nearly universal day off: Sunday • The rise of spectator sports: football & cricket • The pub W.G. Grace – Britain’s First Sport Celebrity

  17. Responses to the Problems of Industrial Society • Luddites • Unions • Governmental reforms • Middle class vs. working class The Luddites, 1811-1816

  18. Some Useful Websites • http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/reforming_acts_01.shtml • http://www.historyteacher.net/APEuroCourse/EHAP_Topics/EHAP-Topic-IndutrialRevolution.htm • http://www.victorianweb.org/index.html • http://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/rschwart/ind_rev/images/indust.html.htm • http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook14.html

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