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The Role of the Universities In the Millennium Villages Project

The Role of the Universities In the Millennium Villages Project. Jeffrey D. Sachs June 5, 2006. Severe malaria. Severe malaria. FAO/GIEWS: Africa Report No.3 - December 2005 p.2. MAP OF COUNTRIES REQUIRING URGENT EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE . COUNTRIES REQUIRING URGENT EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE

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The Role of the Universities In the Millennium Villages Project

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  1. The Role of the Universities In the Millennium Villages Project Jeffrey D. Sachs June 5, 2006

  2. Severe malaria

  3. Severe malaria

  4. FAO/GIEWS: Africa Report No.3 - December 2005 p.2 MAP OF COUNTRIES REQUIRING URGENT EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE COUNTRIES REQUIRING URGENT EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE (Total: 27 countries) FAO/GIEWS December 2005 Since conditions can change rapidly, and published information may not always represent the most up-to-date basis for action, enquiries or corrections should be directed to Henri Josserand, Chief, Global Information and Early Warning Service (ESCG), FAO, Rome (Fax: 39-06-5705-4495, E-mail: GIEWS1@FAO.ORG). FAO/GIEWS - December 2005 ---Jeffrey D. SachsDirector, The Earth Institute at Columbia University314 Low Library, MC 4327535 West 116th StreetNew York, NY  10027(212) 854-8704(212) 854-8702 Faxsachs@columbia.eduhttp://www.sachs.earth.columbia.edu

  5. CORRUPTION LEVELS COMPARABLE TO ASIA Economic Growth 1990-2003 Africa China Asia 8.0 Vietnam Cambodia India Bangladesh Uganda 4.0 Indonesia Ethiopia Mali Tanzania Ghana Senegal Malawi Pakistan Rwanda Nigeria 2.0 Kenya Decreasing Corruption Increasing Corruption

  6. THREE GREAT CHALLENGES • Green Revolution • Health Revolution • Connectivity Revolution

  7. GREEN REVOLUTION: Seed, Soils, Water, Climate, Pathogens

  8. The Yield Gap Reported Grain yield levels Some observations from sub-Saharan Africa

  9. Per Hectare Fertilizer Use by Markets 2002/03 (kg/ha)

  10. Nutrient Mining in Agricultural Lands of Africa 1995–97 2002–04 kg/ha

  11. HEALTH REVOLUTION: Infectious disease control, human resources, public awareness, logistics

  12. Malaria Ecology Index

  13. Sub-Saharan Africa has the Highest Prevalence of Nine Neglected Tropical Diseases Condition Cases in Africa Proportion of Global Burden in Africa Hookworm 198 million 27%-34% Ascariasis 173 million 14%-22% Schistosomiasis 166 million 89% Trichuriasis 162 million 20%-26% Trachoma 33 million 40% Lymphatic Filariasis 46 million 38% Onchocerciasis 18 million 99% Trypanosomiasis 0.5 million 100% Dracunculiasis <0.1 million 100%

  14. Geographic Overlap of Hookworm and Malaria

  15. CONNECTIVITY REVOLUTION: Roads, rail, ports, telecommunications, internet

  16. A Comparison of Railway Networks in Africa and India

  17. THE ECONOMIC STRATEGY • Rural Sector: Millennium Villages • Urban Sector: Millennium Cities • Demographic Transition

  18. Rural Sector Community-led development through Millennium Villages

  19. Urban Development Promote global competitiveness in urban areas Millennium Cities Project

  20. Demographic Transition: Total Fertility Rate below 3.0 by 2015 Maternal empowerment, girls’ education, Child survival, contraceptive availability, Family planning

  21. MILLENNIUM VILLAGES A NEW STRATEGY TO END EXTREME POVERTY IN AFRICA THROUGH COMMUNITY-BASED DEVELOPMENT

  22. Income per capita COMPARATIVE GROWTH DYNAMICS OF AFRICA AND ASIA Saving Basic Needs Level Dissaving Africa Asia Poverty Trap Self-Sustaining Growth

  23. The Strategy for Ending Extreme Poverty • Millennium Villages: • Raise Farm Incomes and Household Saving • Introduce Microfinance • Introduce Contract Farming • Reduce Population Growth Rates • Bolster Urban Demand and Jobs • Based on Millennium Village Successes: • Scale Up

  24. Africa Has (So Far) Missed the Green Revolution Yield (tons per hectare) 2005 2.0 1.0 1960 1960 2005 Sub-Saharan Africa South Asia

  25. Raising Farm Incomes A “Green Revolution” CROP YIELDS Economic Surplus DECLINING SOIL NUTRIENTS, UNSTABLE CLIMATE, MONOCULTURE REBUILDING SOIL NUTRIENTS, RAINWATER HARVESTING, CROP DIVERSIFICATION MILLENNIUM VILLAGES CURRENT CRISIS

  26. Area Planted to Food Declines, While Food Production Rises Area planted to Food Food production Cash crop production cash crops Cash crop production Food production Area planted to Food Area planted To cash crops

  27. Contract Farming (some examples) Nestle (dairy) Carrefour Land o’ Lakes Rosebud (cut flowers) Starbucks Arachide de Bouche (peanuts) ITC South African Breweries Guiness Nigeria PLC (sorghum)

  28. Agribusiness Development Steps: • Identify potential commodities and markets • Agronomic expertise • Community Organization • Discussions with potential international buyers and investors • Millennium Cities initiative to create business-friendly environment • Millennium Project policy discussions with national government • Sanitary and phyto-sanitary conditions • Infrastructure: storage, electricity, road transport • Assistance with contract negotiations • Assistance with venture capital financing and management

  29. Examples of Opportunities for Contract Farming Cut flowers Vegetables: asparagus, broccoli, peas, fine beans, Brussels sprouts, artichoke Fruits: pineapple, mango, watermelon, passion fruit, papaya Spices: vanilla, cardamom, peppers Cane sugar Ethanol from cane sugar Cotton Dairy Honey Starch Cocoa Coffee Peanuts Cashews Wood pulp Carbon sequestration offsets

  30. Rosebud Corporation: Located on the shores of Lake Victoria, two rose-growing farms have a total land area of over 600 acres. The farms are both within 30 minutes of Entebbe International Airport. www.rosebudlimited.com

  31. Blue Skies, Ghana in Partnership with Royal Ahold, Netherlands

  32. The Health Strategy: Disease Prevention and Health Promotion through: Insecticide-treated bed nets Improved water points and sanitation AIDS awareness Micronutrient supplementation De-worming School feeding Antenatal Care Reproductive health services Disease Treatment through clinical services for: Malaria Tropical parasites Diarrheal disease Respiratory infection AIDS treatments including Antiretrovirals DOTS for TB Safe delivery

  33. REDUCED MORTALITY, FERTILITY, AND POPULATION GROWTH FERTILITY MORTALITY POPULATION GROWTH BEFORE AND AFTER THE MILLENNIUM VILLAGE PROJECT

  34. Under-5 Mortality Rate (female) 180 160 140 Baseline (UN medium 120 forecast) 100 Deaths per 1000 live births 80 Accelerated mortality 60 transition 40 20 0 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2005 2010 2015 2020 Year

  35. Sector ODA Per African Per Annum: Recommended versus Current Source: OECD DAC, 2003 Note: ODA net of Technical Cooperation

  36. Scaling Up the Millennium Villages: Proving Success in 2006 From 100 Villages in 2006 to 1,000 Villages in 2007, through NGO Partnerships Millennium Villages at the G8 in 2007 Mobilizing Official and Private Donor Support during 2007-2015

  37. Donor Costs Needed for Scaling up the Millennium Villages $60 per capita x 500,000,000 rural poor = additional $30 billion per year U.S. part: approximately (1/2) x $30 billion = $15 billion per year Needed overall U.S. aid to Africa = approximately $25 billion per year

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