1 / 23

Chapter 4 pg(76-79)

By: Hunza, Omar and Anum. Chapter 4 pg(76-79). By: Hunza Shah Bukhari. Network Connections. Wired Connections. Many ways used to connect to computers distance between the two computers, the bandwidth required, cost of the connection, wireless or wired connection would be required.

tyne
Télécharger la présentation

Chapter 4 pg(76-79)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. By: Hunza, Omar and Anum Chapter 4 pg(76-79)

  2. By: Hunza Shah Bukhari Network Connections

  3. Wired Connections • Many ways used to connect to computers • distance between the two computers, • the bandwidth required, • cost of the connection, • wireless or wired connection would be required. • Fibre optic cables are used to transfer data by sending light down an extremely thin glass tube. • Fibre optic connections travel at speeds of 40Gbps and each cable is able to contain multiple independent optical fibres. • They are also very expensive $70 per metre. • Fibre optics are used mainly for high speed connections for huge volumes of traffic.

  4. Cable internet access • Cable internet access is the most common forms of broadband internet access at homes. • DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) connections are used with existing telephone networks. • A cable MODEM is used to convert the data for use over the network.

  5. Dialup • Dialup is a relatively old technology that connects computers to a network using a standard telephone line. • Computers are digital • Telephones are analogue • MODEM (Modulator-Demodulator) to use the telephone network • The disadvantages for dialup are, • the relatively slow speed of 56 Kbps, • the telephone lines cannot be used for anything else when they are connected, • you have to pay for every minute you use making it very expensive.

  6. Ethernet • Ethernet can be used in many ways. • Ethernet cables are used for many Local Area Networks (LANs). • Ethernet cables transfer data at high over short distances (less than 100 metres). • There many different Ethernets such as Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps) and 10 Gbit Ethernet (10 Gbps).

  7. Wireless Connections • WiMax (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a wireless technology designed to transfer data over distances up to 50 kilometres. • Bandwidth is relatively high over 50 Mbps, but reduces with distance.

  8. Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) • Wi-Fi is a standard for wireless connecting devices in a small area, • such as an office • Wi-Fi devices connect to a wireless router, and from there to the internet. • Many areas such as hotels, cafes and shops now offer wireless hotspots to their customers, allowing Internet access while on the move.

  9. Bluetooth • Bluetooth is a wireless technology used only for short distance or Personal Area Networks (PANs). • Bluetooth is often used to connect computers to mobile phones, cameras, game controllers, and other peripheral devices

  10. 3G and 4G • 3G and 4G (3rd generation and 4th generation) are standards for wireless communication that operate using the mobile phone network. • 3G standard offers at least 200 kbps, 4G offers speed of at least several mbps.

  11. Common mistake • Network speeds are measured in bits per second (bps), not bytes per second. This is a common source of confusion. • If your internet connection is 1 Mbps, the speed is not 1 megabyte per second, but 128 kilobytes per second (since there are 8 bits in a byte)

  12. Speeds of typical network connections

  13. Mac addresses • MAC stands for media access control. • This is a unique number which is built into every network device • It allows communication on physical networks.

  14. Protocols • Rules for a network.

  15. Internet Protocols • Monitors how devices are identified and how information is sent between them. • Each machine is given its own unique IP address • IP addresses contain four groups of digits which are separated by dots e.g. 192.169.2.5 • IP addresses can be given manually but in order to eliminate the conflict they are assigned by the DHCP • DHCP stands for dynamic host control protocols. • This is a program that keeps track of all IP addresses it has assigned • Private addresses are used on private networks such as LANs • The same private address can be used by other computers on other networks • Private network has a public IP address, which represents the entire network.

  16. TCP • Transmission Control Protocol • This is to ensure that data is sent and received correctly • If data is lost on the network because of an error • TCP is responsible of making a request of resending the data • Both TCP and IP are a group of rules that monitor how data is sent in a network

  17. Ports • Ports identify the services from the network • To retrieve to a web page • Connect to web server • Computer connects to port 80 (standard port used by HTTP

  18. Ports are used so one computer can offer many services • Common ports are

  19. The future of IP addresses • Current system uses 32 bit addresses • Total of 4.3 billion possible IP addresses • New addresses are being assigned at a rate of 243 million a year. • So there wont be new IP addresses for new users

  20. Solution • The solution is to adopt a new standard called IPv6 • IPv6 uses 128 bit addresses giving a total of 4.3x10 to the power of 38 • Which will be enough for now

  21. Articlehttp://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2413913,00.asp

  22. Pictures bibliography • http://www.consentry.com/ • http://aerva.com/blog/maximize-your-internal-social-network-with-digital-signage/ • http://flowingdata.com/2008/03/12/17-ways-to-visualize-the-twitter-universe/

More Related