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UNIFYING CONCEPTS OF ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

UNIFYING CONCEPTS OF ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION. UNIFYING CONCEPTS IN ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION. STRUCTURE FITS FUNCTION IN THE ANIMAL BODY ANATOMY DEF  THE STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE OF AN ORGANISM PHYSIOLOGY DEF  THE STUDY OF THE FUNCTIONS AN ORGANISM PERFORMS.

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UNIFYING CONCEPTS OF ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

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  1. UNIFYING CONCEPTS OF ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

  2. UNIFYING CONCEPTS IN ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION • STRUCTURE FITS FUNCTION IN THE ANIMAL BODY • ANATOMY • DEF  THE STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE OF AN ORGANISM • PHYSIOLOGY • DEF  THE STUDY OF THE FUNCTIONS AN ORGANISM PERFORMS

  3. UNIFYING CONCEPTS IN ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION • ANIMAL STRUCTURE HAS A HIERARCHY • CELLULAR LEVEL  TISSUE LEVEL  ORGAN LEVEL  ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL  ORGANISM LEVEL • EX. MUSCLE CELL  MUSCLE TISSUE  HEART  CIRCULATORY SYSTEM  MULTIPLE ORGAN SYSTEMS FUNCTIONING TOGETHER

  4. UNIFYING CONCEPTS IN ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION • TISSUES ARE GROUPS OF CELLS WITH A COMMON STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION • TISSUE • A COOPERATIVE UNIT OF MANY, VERY SIMILAR, CELLS THAT PERFORM A SPECIFIC FUNCTION • 4 MAJOR CATEGORIES OF TISSUES • EPITHELIAL • CONNECTIVE • MUSCLE • NERVOUS

  5. UNIFYING CONCEPTS IN ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION • EPITHELIAL TISSUE COVERS AND LINES THE BODY AND ITS PARTS

  6. UNIFYING CONCEPTS IN ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION • EPITHELIAL TISSUE COVERS AND LINES THE BODY AND ITS PARTS • EPITHELIAL TISSUE • A.K.A. EPITHELIUM • SHEETS OF TIGHTLY PACKED CELLS THAT COVER BODY SURFACES AND LINE INTERNAL ORGANS AND CAVITIES • BASEMENT MEMBRANE • A DENSE MAT OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX CONSISTING OF FIBROUS PROTEINS AND STICKY POLYSACCHARIDES

  7. UNIFYING CONCEPTS IN ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION • EPITHELIAL TISSUE COVERS AND LINES THE BODY AND ITS PARTS • EPITHELIAL TISSUES ARE NAMED ACCORDING TO THE NUMBER OF CELL LAYERS THEY HAVE AND ACCORDING TO THE SHAPE OF THE CELLS • MUCOUS MEMBRANE • SECRETE A SLIMY SOLUTION CALLED MUCUS THAT LUBRICATES THE SURFACE AND KEEPS IT MOIST

  8. UNIFYING CONCEPTS IN ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION • CONNECTIVE TISSUE BINDS AND SUPPORTS OTHER TISSUE • CONSISTS OF ASPARSE POPULATION OF CELLS SCATTEREDTHROUGHOUT ANEXTRACELLULARMATRIX

  9. UNIFYING CONCEPTS IN ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION • CONNECTIVE TISSUE BINDS AND SUPPORTS OTHER TISSUE • SIX MAJOR TYPES • LOOSE CONNECTIVETISSUE • ADIPOSE TISSUE • BLOOD • FIBROUS CONNECTIVETISSUE • CARTILAGE • BONE

  10. UNIFYING CONCEPTS IN ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION • LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE • HOLDS ORGANS IN PLACE • ADIPOSE TISSUE • STORES FAT; PADDING AND INSULATION • BLOOD • FLUID RATHER THAN A SOLID MATRIX; INVOLVED IN TRANSPORT AND IMMUNITY • FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE • FORMS TENDONS AND LIGAMENTS • CARTILAGE • STRONG, BUT FLEXING SKELETAL MATERIAL • BONE • RIGID CONNECTIVE TISSUE

  11. UNIFYING CONCEPTS IN ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION • MUSCLE TISSUE FUNCTIONS IN MOVEMENT • CONSISTS OF BUNDLESOF LONG CELLS CALLEDMUSCLE FIBERS • 3 TYPES • SKELETAL/STRIATED • CARDIAC • SMOOTH

  12. UNIFYING CONCEPTS IN ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION • NERVOUS TISSUE FORMS A COMMUNICATION NETWORK • FORMS A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM; TRANSMITTING INFORMATION AS NERVE SIGNALS

  13. UNIFYING CONCEPTS IN ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION • NERVOUS TISSUE FORMS A COMMUNICATION NETWORK • NEURON • NERVE CELL; UNIQUELY SPECIALIZED TO CONDUCT NERVE SIGNALS

  14. UNIFYING CONCEPTS IN ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION • SEVERAL TISSUES ARE ORGANIZED TO FORM AN ORGAN • ORGAN • CONSISTS OF SEVERAL TISSUES ADAPTED TO PERFORM SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS AS A GROUP • THE FUNCTION OF AN ORGAN RESULTS FROM THE COOPERATIVE INTERACTIONS OF ITS TISSUES

  15. UNIFYING CONCEPTS IN ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION • THE BODY IS A COOPERATIVE OF ORGAN SYSTEMS • ORGAN SYSTEM • A GROUP OF SEVERAL ORGANS THAT WORK TOGETHER TO PERFORM A VITAL BODY FUNCTION • INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: • DIGESTIVE • RESPIRATORY • CIRCULATORY • LYMPHATIC/IMMUNE • EXCRETORY • ENDOCRINE • REPRODUCTIVE • NERVOUS • MUSCULAR • SKELETAL/INTEGUMENTARY

  16. UNIFYING CONCEPTS IN ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

  17. UNIFYING CONCEPTS IN ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION • NEW IMAGING TECHNOLOGY REVEALS THE INNER BODY • X-RAYS • CT SCANS (COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY) • LOW WAVE X-RAYS (3-D) • MRI (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING) • PET (POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY) • RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES INJECTED; SHOWS METABOLICALLY ACTIVE AREAS MORE CLEARLY

  18. UNIFYING CONCEPTS IN ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION • STRUCTURAL ADAPTATIONS ENHANCE EXCHANGE BETWEEN ANIMALS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT • INTERSTITIAL FLUID • BODY CELLS ARE BATHED IN THIS SOLUTION

  19. UNIFYING CONCEPTS IN ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION • ANIMALS REGULATE THEIR INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT • HOMEOSTASIS • STEADY STATE; DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM

  20. UNIFYING CONCEPTS IN ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION • HOMEOSTASIS DEPENDS ON NEGATIVE FEEDBACK • NEGATIVE FEEDBACK • A CHANGE IN A VARIABLE TRIGGERS MECHANISMS THAT REVERSE THAT CHANGE

  21. UNIFYING CONCEPTS IN ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION • SO HOW EXACTLY DO THESE ORGAN SYSTEMS WORK? • WITH SO MANY TO LOOK AT, WE HAVE TO START SOMEWHERE…LET’S START WITH THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, SHALL WE??

  22. UNIFYING CONCEPTS IN ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

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