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THE PRESIDENTS

THE PRESIDENTS. Washington to Monroe. Presidential Qualities Pick the MOST and LEAST Important. Honesty Speaking Ability Intelligence Leadership Skills Appearance Toughness Experience Age Education Health Religious Affiliation Decisiveness

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THE PRESIDENTS

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  1. THE PRESIDENTS Washington to Monroe

  2. Presidential QualitiesPick the MOST and LEAST Important • Honesty Speaking Ability • Intelligence Leadership Skills • Appearance Toughness • Experience Age • Education Health • Religious Affiliation Decisiveness • Gender Family Structure • Ethnic Background Position on Issues • Financial Resources Compassion

  3. How much do you know about our Presidents? • 1. How many individuals have served as president? • 2. How many Presidents have been assassinated? • 3. How many incidents have there been where both father and son have served as President? Name them. • 4. Who served the shortest Presidential term? • Longest? • 5. How many Presidents have been divorced?

  4. America in 1790

  5. George Washington: • set precedents for Pres. • selection of a Cabinet to advise him • Whiskey Rebellion • Hamilton’s economic policies- bank of U.S. –money system

  6. Mount Vernon

  7. Washington’s Teeth

  8. Presidential Chart • President Political Party Significant Events Washington Federalist -Judiciary Act of 1789 -Cabinet -Hamilton’s economic plan -Washington, D.C. -Whiskey Rebellion

  9. John Adams • Jay’s Treaty- w/ British- unpopular in U.S. • XYZ Affair- sent representatives to negotiate with France because of trade issues- they demanded a bribe before they would even talk with U.S. reps • -made U.S. furious!

  10. Alien and Sedition Acts- gave gov’t right to deport or imprison any foreigner suspected of being a danger to the U.S.- constitutional??

  11. Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions • Dem.-Rep. strongly opposed the Alien and Sedition Acts because it conflicts with the Bill Of Rights • Did not have enough votes in Congress to over rule them- federal judges all appointed by Federalists so……

  12. They tried to go through the state legislatures to get them changed • - their argument was that state legislatures have the right to judge the constitutionality of federal laws and nullify laws that infringe on the liberties listed in the Bill of Rights

  13. Presidential Chart- J. Adams • President Political Party Significant Events -XYZ Affair -Alien and Sedition Act -Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions -Jay’s Treaty

  14. FEDERALISTS Alexander Hamilton Consisted of the wealthier people (bankers, merchants, plantation owners) led by educated elite • Feared the “excesses of democracy.” Distrusted common people. • Strongest in the North (New England)

  15. Federalists: • Wanted a strong central govt. • Economy based on shipping and manufacturing • Believed in a loose interpretation of the Constitution- (write meaning in your notes)

  16. Thomas Jefferson • Monticello

  17. DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANSThomas Jefferson • Consisted of more common people (farmers, city workers) • Believed government should work for the common man • Strongest in the south and west. (Small farmers) • Limited govt.- felt power should be shared with the state and local govt. • Believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution

  18. Strict Interpretation - Only those powers that are written into the Constitution should be allowed Loose interpretation – implied powers – those that believe in a loose interpretation follow the “necessary and proper” clause, also known as the “elastic clause”

  19. Interpretation??? • “The Constitution was not made to fit us like a strait jacket. In its elasticity lies its chief greatness” • Woodrow Wilson

  20. Interpretation??? • “When the experiment of our government was undertaken . . .(our guide). . .was the Constitution. Departure from the lines there laid down is failure. It is only by strict adherence to the direction they indicate . . . That we can furnish proof to the world of the fitness of the American people for self government.” -President Grover Cleveland

  21. JEFFERSON’S PRESIDENCY Jefferson’s Philosophy • Faith in the “common man” (farmers) • Wanted lower voting qualifications • Disliked special privileges – he lived very informally. • Believed agriculture should be the basis of the economy. • He didn’t encourage industrialization

  22. Jefferson’s Program He wanted to simplify govt. (cut bureaucracy) He wanted to dismantle Alexander Hamilton’s Program (Federalist) • Reduce influence of National Bank • Hamilton was later killed in a “gentlemen’s duel” by Aaron Burr • Reversed the Alien and Sedition Acts • He changed the citizenship requirements from 14 yrs to 5 yrs. • Pardoned and/or repaid those convicted of sedition

  23. Fought the Judiciary • “Midnight Judges” - Pres. John Adams (Federalist) had appointed federalist judges prior to Jefferson’s inauguration.

  24. Jefferson refused the appointments and the case went to the supreme court – Marbury vs. Madison – the Supreme Court created judicial review giving it the authority to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional (Chief Justice John Marshall)

  25. Jefferson’s Presidency: 1803-Louisiana Purchase – Jefferson sent reps. To offer to buy port of New Orleans -French offered the whole territory-$15 million -bought the LA Territory from the French (who needed the $ to fight the British). Boosted morale and doubled US territory.

  26. Jefferson questioned the constitutionality of this because this power is not granted in the Constitution • This was part of “Manifest Destiny” – belief that the US should extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific

  27. Louisiana Purchase

  28. Lewis and Clark along with translator and guide Sacajawea explored to: • find a water route to the Pacific • Collect scientific data • Survey terrain • Exploration lasted 2yrs 4mos.

  29. Lewis and Clark Expedition

  30. Sacajawea

  31. Presidential Chart- Jefferson • Fought appointments of Midnight Justices by Adams • Marbury v. Madison • -La. Purchase • Lewis and Clark Expedition • 1st Pres. under a new political party’ • “common man” • -strict interpretation of Constitution Democ.- Republican

  32. James Madison -4TH President War of 1812– “Mr. Madison’s War” Causes: • British impressment of American sailors • Trouble with Indians that Americans blamed on the British

  33. Washington, D.C. was burned • Francis Scott Key writes the “Star Spangled Banner” during the battle at Fort McHenry in Baltimore • Battle of New Orleans – Andrew Jackson was the hero – “Old Hickory” • Treaty of Ghent – ends war- 1814

  34. Battles of the War of 1812

  35. Jackson Square in New Orleans

  36. Presidential Chart- Madison

  37. James Monroe – 5th President – “Era of Good Feeling” The Missouri Compromise – 1820 • Missouri applied for admission as a slave state • This started arguments in Congress over whether or not to allow slave states in the new territory

  38. The Missouri Compromise stated: • Maine was entered as a free state • Missouri was entered as a slave state (maintained balance – 12 slave states & 12 free states) • 36 degree 30 degree Parallel – all territory north would be free and all territory south would be slave *This ended nationalism and encouraged sectionalism

  39. Missouri Compromise

  40. Also under Monroe: • This period in Amer. History known as the “Era of Good Feeling”- good times! • Adams – Onis Treaty 1819- U.S. got Florida from Spain • 1823- Monroe Doctrine- Latin American countries were getting their independence- America was concerned that European nations might renew their interest in colonies in the Western Hemisphere- document written to announce the west was closed for colonization

  41. Presidential Chart- Monroe Monroe Dem- Rep -Missouri Comp. -Adams-Onis Treaty -Monroe Doctrine

  42. John Quincy Adams Election of 1824 (Adams vs. Jackson) • Jackson won the popular election, but didn’t win the electoral vote • Vote went into the House of Representatives who elected Adams and Henry Clay (“unholy coalition”) * Angered Andrew Jackson

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