A Portrait of the Artist as a young Man by James JOYCE Chapter 1

1. A Portrait of the Artist as a young Man by James JOYCE Chapter 1 Presented by: Daniel Kang, Sadie Barner, Hagen Donahue, and Brennan Clark

2. Charles Stewart Parnell- Gladstone & Home Rule • The “uncrowned King of Ireland” Charles Stewart Parnell born on the 27th June 1846, Ireland. Raised from a wealthy family, he was educated in Cambridge University, entering the House of Commons as a Member of Parliament in 1875. • Became the President of the Nationalist Party in 1877. • Parnell favored disruptive and ‘strong-arm’ tactics to obtain the Home Rule (self-governing within the British Central Gov’t) and to redistribute values back to Ireland. • The British Government under the Prime Minister, William Gladstone was incensed by this turn of events and pass the Coercion Bill, making it illegal for the Irish to rebel against the English. • Two British Officials murdered in Phoenix Park, Dublin 1882 by ‘The Invincibles’ • In 1886- Charles Stewart Parnell’s downfall

3. Charles Stewart Parnell- cont. • Parnell’s legacy continued to spread through many literary works. ex) A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce. • An influential polarizing figure • Burden of Irish Nationality/Initial steps of developing Stephen’s own political ideas

4. Perceived hypocrisy and betrayal of Catholicism

5. “THE ARGUMENT”-Catholics vs. Irish nationalists Portrayal of adults as role models, loss of innocence for Stephen

6. Daedalus • Incredibly skilled architect and inventor. • Dissatisfied with his clumsy son Icarus. • Accidentally killed his talented nephew, Talus. • Builds a labyrinth for King Minos which he is caged in. • He escapes the cage and builds wings for him and his son to escape, there his son plummets and dies. • Kills King Minos and lives the rest of his life in misery

7. King Minos • Son of Zeus and Europa. • King of the Greek village, Crete. • He refused to sacrifice his bull to Posseidon, which triggers a curse on his wife, making her zoophilic (she had sex with animals). • His wife had sex with the bull and the minotaur was born. • He calls upon Daedalus to build a labyrinth to contain the beast, and locks him and his son inside. • When Daedalus escapes, Minos spends the rest of his life trying to find and kill him and his son. • Daedalus scalded him to death by putting boiling water into his bathtub.

8. Pasiphaë and the minotaur • When Minos wouldn’t give up his best bull, Posseidon cursed his wife, Pasiphaë, with zoophilia. Her erotic animalistic fantasies made her fall madly in love with the bull. She calls upon Daedalus to build her a wooden cow and tricks the bull into having sex with her.

9. Pasiphaë and the minotaur contd. • Pasiphaë had a son who was a minotaur (half man-half bull) • The monster was ferocious and his main sense of nourishment was human flesh. • He was caged in the labyrinth built by Daedalus • Killed later by the Athenian hero, Theseus

10. The Labyrinth • Daedalus built the most complex labyrinth to house the minotaur. It was built like a giant complicated puzzle. • The maze was impossible for anyone to get out of unless they knew the secret exit. (Which only Daedalus knew)

11. The wings • When escaping Crete, Daedalus used Talus’ hypothesis of human flight, and created two magnificent pairs of wings in which he and Icarus flew. • They were composed of the feathers from several different birds held together by thread and wax, and built with the same aerodynamic structure of a bird’s wings.

12. Icarus’ great fall • Before flying Daedalus warned Icarus not to fly too high or the sun would melt the wax in his wings • Icarus, feeling entranced by the exhilarating feeling, immediately went escalating towards the sun. • The wax on his wings melted and he plummeted into the sea • The body of water he fell into was later called The Icarian Sea

13. Water Symbolism • “When you wet the bed, first it is warm then it gets cold.” • “He shivered as if he had cold slimy water next his skin. That was mean of Wells to shoulder him into the square ditch” • “Once he had washed his hands in the lavatory of the Wicklow Hotel and his father pulled the stopper up by the chain after and the dirty water went down through the hole in the basin. And when it had all gone down slowly the hole in the basin had made a sound like that: suck. Only louder. • Throughout the entire chapter, water is always related to something fowl, disgusting, slimy and uncomfortable. This makes water seem undesirable. Ironically it is not seen as any sort of refreshment, purity, or cleansing. The water also relates to the story of Icarus and Daedalus, when Icarus plummets into the water and dies. There are several parallels to the two story so it is not so farfetched.

14. Bird Imagery • Pg: 4 “the eagles will come and pull out your eyes” • Pg 4: “The evening air was pale and chilly and after every charge and thud of the footballers the greasy leather orb flew like a heavy bird through the grey light.” • Pg: 18: “a heavy bird flying low through the grey light.” The bird is used as a threat and to better describe a time when Stephen is scared or nervous. Joyce gives a much darker implication with birds than many other novels using them as freedom, springtime, or innocence. The birds are also used to connect him to the mythological story of Daedalus and Icarus where Icarus flies to high and the wax in his wings melt and he falls and dies. There is also (in some interpretations of the story) a recurring vulture that seems to speak to Daedalus before anything bad happens.

15. Labyrinth/Maze • The maze is an implied metaphor throughout chapter 1 and the rest of the novel. It is a metaphor for how he lives his life. Not knowing at all what to do, just kind of wandering trying to do the right thing and please the right people. He has temporary periods of relief, but he seems to never fully escape until the end. This is undoubtedly a reference to the complicated maze in the tale of Icarus and Daedalus.

16. Tension between Catholics & Protestants • The tension was of course because of conflicting religious views, but mostly it was a battle for land and social class • In the 1600’s, The English (Protestants) set up plantations in Ireland in declared themselves the ruling class of the land. They were rude and mean to the Irish people (Catholics) and they were not happy about it. This was the impetus for the Irish to start violent revolutions (many of which failed). • There is still much tension between the two to this date

17. Terrence Bellew MacManus • A leader of the Young Irelander Rebellion (1848) • They fought for the independence of the Irish nation • Him and other leaders were arrested for treason and sentenced to death • The public support for McManus kept him and some of his other leaders from death, but they were transported to Australia. • He escaped Australia and went to live in San Francisco, California in poverty.

18. Terrence Bellow MacManus • While in court, waiting for his death sentence, McManus spoke these famous words: “It was not because I loved England less, but because I loved Ireland more."

19. Michael Davitt • Founded the Land League. This group helped fund organizations such as the IRB, the Irish Parliamentary Party, and the Fenian Brotherhood in America. • The Land League was also funded to help eradicate Landlordism, and for the protection of tenant housing. • Founded the Irish Democratic Labor Federation which proposed free education, land settlement, worker housing, reduced working hours, Labor political representation, and universal suffrage. • Davitt partnered with Charles Stewart Parnell, and with him they aided in uniting the “revolutionary, constitutional, and agrarian elements in Ireland” (Joyce 278) into a weapon that aided in their campaign for Home Rule. • landlordism: • The system whereby land (or property) is owned by landlords to whom tenants pay a fixed rent • (Mariam-Webster p784)

20. Sensory Experiences

21. Motifs -Good/Bad -Hot/Cold -Light/Dark

22. Evaluation and Establishment of Identity

23. BeautyArtBooksWords

24. IsolationDifferentnessWeakness

25. Fenians • Dedicated to creating Independent Irish Republic • Named After Fianna • Two Main Principles • Independence • Revolution • Two Groups • Fenian Brotherhood • Irish Republican Brotherhood • The Term Fenian today

26. Lord Leitrim’s coachman • Lord Leitrim was a English landlord. • His coachman was loyal to him. • Being called Lord Leitrim’s coachman means that you are subservient to England and share no patriotism for Ireland.

27. Quiz • 1) Name one of the two organisations Michael Davitt founded. • 2) Name the partner Davitt had whos career ended in scandal. • 3) Who were the Fenian named after? • 4) What are the names of the two groups of Fenian? • 5) How/What was Charles Stewart Parnell’s downfall?

28. Quiz cont. • 6) How does Joyce describe Parnell in APOTAY? • 7)Who spoke the words, “It was not because I loved England less, but I loved Ireland more.”? a) Charles Stewart Parnell b) Michael Davitt c) Terrence Bellow MacManus d) Stephen Daedalus

29. Quiz cont. • 8) In the tale of Daedalus and lcarus, how did King Minos die? a) While he was flying he went too close to the sun, and plummeted to his death b) Was scalded to death while taking a bath c) Was eaten by Minotaur d) Was murdered by Posseidon.

30. Quiz cont. • 9) True or False? The Fenians goal was to conqueror island 10) What is the Home Rule?