Introduction

1. Index UMMC Critical Care Tower Baltimore, MD Blast Analysis and Redesign Nicholas Leonard Structural Option The Pennsylvania State University BAE/MAE of Architectural Engineering Advisor: Kevin Parfitt Scenario Introduction LS-Dyna Predictions Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion Project Information Existing Structure Analysis & Results Depth: Blast Analysis Blast Phenomenon

2. Index Leonard Taylor Kevin Parfitt Eddie O’hare Anand Kumar Singh Abdul Aziz Ryan Solnosky Acknowledgements And a many thanks to BALLINGER for supplying a full set of drawings, and permission to use renderings. Scenario Introduction LS-Dyna Predictions Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion Project Information Existing Structure Analysis & Results Depth: Blast Analysis Blast Phenomenon

3. Index Location: 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 Function: Renovation including an additional five operating rooms and 60 patient rooms. Total Floor Area: 140,000 sq. ft. Height: 7 Stories + Penthouse (~116 ft.) Anticipated Completion: 2013 Cost: $89,225,671 (structure only) Contract Type: Guaranteed Max Price Delivery Method: Design-Bid-Build Architecture: -Modular Units -Beige and Red Terra Cotta -Cantilever Section -Additional Helipad Project Information Scenario Introduction LS-Dyna Predictions Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion Project Information Existing Structure Analysis & Results Depth: Blast Analysis Blast Phenomenon

4. Index Terrorism TM 5-1300 Depth: Blast Analysis Structures to Resist the Effects of Accidental Explosions Why should we consider blast? Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building How do we design for blast? Scenario Introduction LS-Dyna Predictions Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion Project Information Existing Structure Analysis & Results Depth: Blast Analysis Blast Phenomenon

5. Index The Cantilever System: Gravity and Lateral Systems: Existing Structure Foundations: Scenario Introduction LS-Dyna Predictions Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion Project Information Existing Structure Analysis & Results Depth: Blast Analysis Blast Phenomenon

6. Index Scenario • Largest to likely occur • Similar charge weight as Oklahoma City Bombing • Challenging design 22.5 ft 12 ft 2 ft Ground Surface Scenario Introduction LS-Dyna Predictions Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion Project Information Existing Structure Analysis & Results Depth: Blast Analysis Blast Phenomenon

7. Index The Blast Curve & Dynamic Behavior: Material Properties: Blast Phenomenon Impulse load followed by a period of free vibration. Structure dissipates energy through plastic yielding of reinforcement, and resists impulse from concrete’s mass. Explosion Types and Reflectance: Free-Air Bursts vs. Ground Surface Bursts Positive and negative phase. Large Peak Overpressure. Short Duration. Scenario Introduction LS-Dyna Predictions Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion Project Information Existing Structure Analysis & Results Depth: Blast Analysis Blast Phenomenon

8. Index Type of Program: My Model: Modeling in LS-Dyna Extreme event, non-linear dynamic, finite element analysis (LSTG). LS-PrePost is user friendly interface 3” Meshing Cubes Compatibility: Had to reduce file size to compute. Final file size ~ 550 MB, and required 60 GB of memory to perform analysis Keyword Format Cards High Performance Computing: Set up Hammer Account with Penn State Completed one iteration in a 24 hr time span Concrete Mesh (solid element) Reinforcement (beam element) Scenario Introduction LS-Dyna Predictions Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion Project Information Existing Structure Analysis & Results Depth: Blast Analysis Blast Phenomenon

9. Index Predictions Scenario Introduction LS-Dyna Predictions Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion Project Information Existing Structure Analysis & Results Depth: Blast Analysis Blast Phenomenon

10. Index Analysis & Results Time Step Snapshots Scenario Introduction LS-Dyna Predictions Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion Project Information Existing Structure Analysis & Results Depth: Blast Analysis Blast Phenomenon

11. Scenario Introduction LS-Dyna Predictions Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion Project Information Existing Structure Analysis & Results Depth: Blast Analysis Blast Phenomenon

12. Scenario Introduction LS-Dyna Predictions Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion Project Information Existing Structure Analysis & Results Depth: Blast Analysis Blast Phenomenon

13. Scenario Introduction LS-Dyna Predictions Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion Project Information Existing Structure Analysis & Results Depth: Blast Analysis Blast Phenomenon

14. Scenario Introduction LS-Dyna Predictions Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion Project Information Existing Structure Analysis & Results Depth: Blast Analysis Blast Phenomenon

15. Scenario Introduction LS-Dyna Predictions Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion Project Information Existing Structure Analysis & Results Depth: Blast Analysis Blast Phenomenon

16. Scenario Introduction LS-Dyna Predictions Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion Project Information Existing Structure Analysis & Results Depth: Blast Analysis Blast Phenomenon

17. Scenario Introduction LS-Dyna Predictions Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion Project Information Existing Structure Analysis & Results Depth: Blast Analysis Blast Phenomenon

18. Scenario Introduction LS-Dyna Predictions Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion Project Information Existing Structure Analysis & Results Depth: Blast Analysis Blast Phenomenon

19. Scenario Introduction LS-Dyna Predictions Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion Project Information Existing Structure Analysis & Results Depth: Blast Analysis Blast Phenomenon

20. Scenario Introduction LS-Dyna Predictions Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion Project Information Existing Structure Analysis & Results Depth: Blast Analysis Blast Phenomenon

21. Scenario Introduction LS-Dyna Predictions Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion Project Information Existing Structure Analysis & Results Depth: Blast Analysis Blast Phenomenon

22. Scenario Introduction LS-Dyna Predictions Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion Project Information Existing Structure Analysis & Results Depth: Blast Analysis Blast Phenomenon

23. Scenario Introduction LS-Dyna Predictions Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion Project Information Existing Structure Analysis & Results Depth: Blast Analysis Blast Phenomenon

24. Index Hand Calculations: ½” steel jacket surrounding all five column along column line B. Analysis & Results Recommended Redesign: ½” plate steel, increase thickness to 8”, and add additional #7 reinforcement for above slab. Increasing Standoff Distance OR Hardening of the Structure Scenario Introduction LS-Dyna Predictions Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion Project Information Existing Structure Analysis & Results Depth: Blast Analysis Blast Phenomenon

25. Disaster Plann Index Level 2: Disaster Planning Major BIM Goals: in Breadth: BIM • Use FEM to more accurately design for blast. • Shift from using 2D paper based drawings onsite to a 3D model on a tablet. • Better communication between the design team and contractor. • Minimize the amount of change orders. • No items on punch list by project turnover. • More precise modeling of existing conditions. • Have the system perform during operations as designed. • Increase efficiency of equipment maintenance. Purpose for a BIM Execution Plan ultimately is to save money through efficiency during design and construction by better means of communication. Define what constitutes as a disaster and magnitude Determine what available resources are accessible and nearby Start Process Model the different scenarios using appropriate software Develop an immediate assessment and repair Plan Develop evacuation plans for each level of disaster Defining goals and BIM Uses Organize processes Develop Information Exchanges/Deliverables Set up infrastructure No Yes Start Process Does it meet requirements? Scenario Introduction LS-Dyna Predictions Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion Project Information Existing Structure Analysis & Results Depth: Blast Analysis Blast Phenomenon

26. Disaster Plann Index SHG Calculation & Comparison: Method: in Breadth: Glass Redesign & SHG • ASTM E1300 and F2248 Why consider glass in blast design? Existing Redesign Scenario Introduction LS-Dyna Predictions Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion Project Information Existing Structure Analysis & Results Depth: Blast Analysis Blast Phenomenon

27. Index Introduction Thank you for listening! Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure Scenario Blast Phenomenon Ls-Dyna Predictions Analysis and Results Breadth: BIM I will now take any questions or comments. Breadth: Glass Redesign Scenario Introduction LS-Dyna Predictions Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion Project Information Existing Structure Analysis & Results Depth: Blast Analysis Blast Phenomenon

28. Index Appendix Scenario Introduction LS-Dyna Predictions Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion Project Information Existing Structure Analysis & Results Depth: Blast Analysis Blast Phenomenon

29. Index Appendix Scenario Introduction LS-Dyna Predictions Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion Project Information Existing Structure Analysis & Results Depth: Blast Analysis Blast Phenomenon