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TRANSBOUNDARY & GLOBAL HEALTH (Environmental health issues)

TRANSBOUNDARY & GLOBAL HEALTH (Environmental health issues) . D3. D3. Awaluddin Idris 130110100167 Angkasa R. Hamdan 130110100117 Dhita Dewi Alviane 130110100118 Mochammad Solehuddin 130110100027 Briska Sudjana 130110100127 Aulia Abdillah R. 130110100183

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TRANSBOUNDARY & GLOBAL HEALTH (Environmental health issues)

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  1. TRANSBOUNDARY & GLOBAL HEALTH (Environmental health issues) D3

  2. D3 • AwaluddinIdris 130110100167 • Angkasa R. Hamdan 130110100117 • DhitaDewiAlviane 130110100118 • MochammadSolehuddin 130110100027 • BriskaSudjana 130110100127 • AuliaAbdillah R. 130110100183 • Nadia AyuDestianti 130110100184 • Mega Amanda Putri 130110100047 • Monika Hasna R. 130110100147 • SteffiziaRodela 130110100106 • KartikaMalahayati 130110100205

  3. Environmental Health Issues • Topics discussed include the health consequences of war, ozone depletion and ultraviolet radiation, climate change and the greenhouse effect, deforestation and desertification, biodiversity, acid precipitation, transboundary movements of hazardous waste, disasters, and global chemical contamination

  4. GLOBAL CHANGES NEGATIVE, e.g.: • Ozone depletion • The greenhouse effect • Deforestation & desertification • Loss of biodiversity • Interregional transport of pollution • Large scale of resource depletion POSITIVE, e.g.: • Improved communication • Expanding trade • Introduction of new technologies

  5. In the past, most of those env. hazards & the effects of env. pollution were treated as local issues & were generally handled on a local level by PH authorities • In recent years, the scope of env. issues has broadened considerably & there is no clear dividing line b/w problems that used to be considered PH problems & those that involve large-scale ecological change

  6. Rapid technological development in the developed world introduces new potential hazards in a society in which environmental degradation is historically severe but coming under relative control In developing countries: • rapid population growth • industrial development  Accelerate existing environmental degradation

  7. Aggravating factors in developing countries • Poverty • Urbanization w/o adequate infrastructure • Rural development policies that do not strengthen local economies • Limited economic base that is too often dependent on commodity prices

  8. The problem of env. degradation has become global in 3 distinct senses: • There is now imbalance on the level of entire global systems, e.g. climate • The distribution of familiarenv. problems, e.g. air pollution has become much more widespread & regionalized until these problems are encountered worldwide & not just in areas of development & urban growth • The economic & political systems that operate to create & sustain these problems have become global to the extent that the world is rapidly becoming one large market economy, beyond the capacity of governments to regulate effectively

  9. Health Consequences of War • Modern conventional warfare • Chemical warfare • Biological warfare • Nuclear warfare • Guerrilla warfare • Terrorism

  10. OZONE DEPLETION & UV RADIATION • Stratosphere: O2 + UV  O3 (accumulated over time to absorb UV radiation & act as a partial screen that protects the surface of the earth from higher levels of exposure) • UV-A, UV-B, UV-C • Ozone levels in the stratosphere are decreasing at several locations, esp. North & South poles • Role of CFCs : release chlorine by photolysis. Free chlorine scavenges & destroys ozone (1 to 10,000) Source of CFCs : industries, refrigeration, AC, aerosols as propellants Half-life: > 75 years

  11. Human health effects of ozone depletion • Non-melanoma skin cancer, esp. Squamous Cell Ca & actinic keratitis • Malignant melanoma • Cataract • Retinal degeneration • Impaired immunological responses • Accelerated aging of skin • Pterygia

  12. POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGES • Heat stress • Natural weather disasters • Vector distribution • Local food shortages • Flooding

  13. THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT • The infrared radiation passes through the atmosphere • The atmosphere insulates the heat created when the infrared radiation is absorbed • The CO2, water vapor & other gases trap the heat

  14. OTHER ISSUES • Deforestation • Desertification • Loss of biodiversity • Acid precipitation • Trans-boundary movement of hazardous waste • Natural & technological disasters

  15. TerimaKasih Refferences Source:Basic Environmental Health, May 2001 , pp. 368-399(32) http://www.eoearth.org/article/Transboundary_dumping_of_hazardous_waste http://www.mendeley.com/research/global-public-health-transboundary-animal-diseases-issues-options-approaches-concerns-2/

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