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UPA Package 4, Module 1

UPA Package 4, Module 1. COLLECTION AND PROCESSING OF HOUSEHOLD DATA. Collection and Processing of Household Data. Household data sources Household questionnaires Sampling methods Processing of household data. Household Data Sources. National Census (frequency, coverage)

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UPA Package 4, Module 1

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  1. UPA Package 4, Module 1 COLLECTION AND PROCESSING OF HOUSEHOLD DATA

  2. Collection and Processing of Household Data • Household data sources • Household questionnaires • Sampling methods • Processing of household data

  3. Household Data Sources • National Census (frequency, coverage) • Regular national household surveys (frequency, sample) • International household surveys (DHS) • Ad-hoc surveys (research) • Use of household data in combination with other data sources DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys

  4. Household Data Sources Structured personal interview with standard questions (and sequence of questions) similar for all respondents (e.g. Census) Meaning of questions similar for all households Interviewer attitude and experience Semi-structured and non-structured interviews

  5. Household Data Sources Advantages of structured personal interviews: • flexibility, high response rate Disadvantages: • - costs, interviewer bias (principles of interviewing), lack of anonymity CENSUS frequency (every 10 years), availability (at which spatial level), quality/reliability, specific (poverty/habitat) data not covered by Census, why no traditional Census in the Netherlands?

  6. Household Data Sources Other Household data sources: • National Samples • Demographic and Health Surveys (www.measuredhs.com) • Ad-Hoc surveys (research, Urban Inequities UN-Habitat) • Data mixture (combine surveys with auxiliary (large) data sets), small area statistics

  7. Household Data Sources Participatory data collection and/or expert knowledge Water scarcity in Nakuru/Kenya based on information from participatory mapping. The background images are a Landsat image overlaid by a QuickBird image covering the built-up area.

  8. Household Questionnaires Questions: • Content Facts and Opinions (Subjective experience) • Type Closed and Open-ended questions, contingency questions • Format Categories of possible answers, rating • Sequence Questions related to previous questions

  9. Household Questionnaires (Example 1) www.measuredhs.com questionnaires are available under basic documentation

  10. Household Questionnaires Avoid bias • Introduction and covering letter • Wording • Leading questions • Gender • Threatening questions • Non-response • Training/experience of interviewers

  11. Household Questionnaires (Example 2) Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) www.childinfo.org

  12. Poverty, ill-health, unemployment, illiteracy, and the like, are concentrated in urban slums. The geography of poverty is shifting from rural to urban areas. Urban Inequities Surveys www.unhabitat.org water and sanitation module This module is to be administered once for each household visited. Record only one response for each question. If more than one response is given, record the most usual source or facility. 1. What is the main source of drinking water for members of your household? Piped into dwelling 01 Piped into yard or plot 02 Public tap 03 Tube-well/borehole with pump 04 Protected dug well 05 Protected spring 06 Rainwater collection 07 Bottled water 08 Unprotected dug well 09 Unprotected spring 10 Pond, river or stream 11 Tanker-truck, vendor 12  Other (specify) 01Q.4 02Q.4  Example of a question of the water module. Main water aspects: Source, time, quantity, price Household Questionnaires (Example3)

  13. Urban Inequities Surveys Addis Ababa UN-HABITAT Household Questionnaires (Example 3)

  14. Sampling • Why Sampling Total: Population and parameters Subset: Sample and statistics • Sampling Unit Single member of a sampling population • Sampling frame All sampling units

  15. Sampling • Sample Domain: a representative sample of n households for a city • Sampling Frame: a list of e.g. census enumeration areas (EAs) with population and household survey and census • Sample Selection: select a representative sample of households. Develop proportional clusters from which the sample of respondents could be drawn. • Sampling Probabilities

  16. Sampling Methods • Probability sampling methods Simple random sampling Stratified random sampling Systematic sampling Cluster sampling • Non-probability sampling methods Convenience sampling Quota sampling Purposive/Focus sampling

  17. Sampling Size Factors influencing sample size • Standard or sampling error, expected level of accuracy • Sampling results related to parameters values • Confidence interval and normal distributions • Sampling distribution Non-sampling errors • Measurement error • Non response

  18. Sampling Size Sample size = s² / (S.E)² S=standard deviation S.E=standard error

  19. Processing of Household Data • Describing Check for errors (obvious mistakes, outliers, missing values) Statistics, Tables, Graphs, Geo-Visualization (mapping) Single and composite variables • Analysis Correlations, inductive statistics

  20. Processing of Household Data • Describing • Check for errors (obvious mistakes, outliers, missing values) • Statistics, Tables, Graphs, Geo-Visualization (mapping) • Single and composite variables • Analysis • Correlations, inductive statistics 4.1.4 Collection and Processing of Household Data 18

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