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Bell-ringer

Bell-ringer. Predict what will happen to allied strength and confidence when American soldiers join WWI. WWI –Wilson, War, & Peace. Chapter 10 Section 3. Objectives. Understand how the US military contributed to the Allied victory Describe the aims of the 14 points

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Bell-ringer

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  1. Bell-ringer • Predict what will happen to allied strength and confidence when American soldiers join WWI.

  2. WWI –Wilson, War, & Peace Chapter 10 Section 3

  3. Objectives • Understand how the US military contributed to the Allied victory • Describe the aims of the 14 points • Analyze the decision made at the Paris Peace Conference • Explain why the US Senate refused to ratify the treaty ending WWI

  4. Introduction The US enters the game late and thus has a decided advantage over their foes. What has been a bloody, bloody war, US revitalizes Allied spirits and pushes to victory. Using the technology of her allies, the US is a formidable force and breaks the stalemate. After the war the fighting continues in Paris.

  5. America gives Allies the Edge Advantage Allies • Europeans • US is very diverse • How can they raise an army • Will it be any good • Convoy – US tactic against Unrestricted Sub Warfare • Immediate impact – German subs fail to bypass US warships • Supplies heavily guarded by warships • Russian Revolution • Start of their civil war allows Germany to focus on Western Front • Czar Nicholas II over thrown (People are starving and millions die due to WWI • Vladimir Lenin (communist radical) ends war with Germany (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk) and assumes control of what will become the Soviet Union Advantage Central Powers

  6. Convoy System • A system to protect troops & weapons from u-boats • Surround ships w/small destroyers • Merchant ship loss declined by 50%

  7. America gives Allies the Edge • US hits the Western Front • Commander John J. Pershing (not chasing Pancho Villa anymore) • German counterattacks futile • Germans exhausted • US troops take on more responsibility • German offensive bend Allied lines but never break them • Germany weakened after every failure • American Troops = Doughboys = Success • 2nd Battle of the Marne, Battle of Cantiguy, Chateau Thierry, Belleau Wood, Neuse Argonne, & Saint Mihiel • Alvin York – (and 16 US soldiers) armed with a rifle and a pistol helped take down an entire German position • Can you say Congressional Medal of Honor • Please see page 303

  8. Doughboy? Are they saying we are fat? • The Button Theory: • Coat buttons looked like dough dumplings • The Pipe Clay Theory: • Clay polish for belts & shoes turned dough looking when wet • The Adobe Theory: • Stirred up so much dust when marching they resembled a ball of dough. A B C Moving on

  9. YESSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS!!!!

  10. Nope, Try again

  11. American Heroes • African Americans faced discrimination • 369th earns Croix de Guerre (African Americans) • French Award for bravery • 1.3 Millions fought • 50,000 died • 230,000 wounded

  12. African Americans in the War Though many African American fought in the war, they still did not receive equal treatment. Most cooked and cleaned but some did fight in segregated regiments Harlem Hell Fighters

  13. The War Ends • US, Britain, French, & Italy subdue the Central Powers • Men just gave up no way they were going to win • November 11, 1918 surrendered in a railway car

  14. Allied troops (millions) Central Powers (millions)

  15. What to do? • This is your task – 4 groups • Think back on all the things that have happened in WWI. You are now sitting at the Paris Peace Conference – Outline at least 7 things you think should be done. Please do not be short sighted. • How do you avoid further wars? • What should we do to Germany? • You have 10 minutes to make your list of demands • As a class you have 5 minutes to make one final list of 10 thing you would like done. • No arguing – just come up with a consensus

  16. What Wilson wanted to happened WILSON'S 14 POINTS President Wilson’s 14 Points were his ideas to “end all war”. These are a summary of his ideas for world peace. Are they realistic or based on idealism? • End Secret alliances • Freedom of the seas. • Free trade. • Reduce weapons • Austria-Hungary – ethnic groups could decide on their future • Restore Russia • Restore & Protect Belgium • Restore France (end Alsace Lorraine debate • Adjust Italy’s Boundaries • Adjust colonies to recognize views of colonized people • Redraw boundaries of Balkan States • Divide Ottoman Empire • Formation of new countries with self-government as a goal.(Democracy) • A “league of nations” to guarantee peace among nations.(Collective Security)

  17. Wilson’s Foreign Policy • Obsessed with New World Order • US promote democracy around the world • End war through cooperation • Should be based on honesty and unselfishness • Treaty of Versailles kept him from realizing his dream • Major points for Wilson • League of Nations • No secret alliances • End Imperialism • Reduce arms • Article 10 (you will see later)

  18. TREATY OF VERSAILLES • Open diplomacy or no secret treaties. • Freedom of the seas. • Removal of tariff and other economic barriers or free trade. • Reduction of land and weapons • International control of colonies, with self-government as the goal. • Self-determination of ethnic groups to decide in which country they wish to live. • A “general association of nations” to guarantee peace and the independence of all nations. Not included Not included Not included Germany disarmed and forced to pay reparations of $33 million Germany divided into colonies given to Allied victors. New countries form democracies based on ethnic groups League of Nations Organization of larger nations to maintain world peace

  19. Things to remember. Describe reception President Wilson’s peace plan received from the allies. Allies sought revenge on Germany. Wilson’s was forced to compromise his 14 points to get the League of Nations. Of Wilson’s 14 points how many did he actually get through the Treaty of Versailles? One – The League of Nations

  20. League of Nations WILSON VS LODGE • President of Princeton • Democrat • Believed in the League of Nations as the only way to end all war • Would only accept his ideas and not Congress’s • Graduate of Harvard • Republican • Believed League of Nations would take away Congress’s power to declare war • Made additions to the League of Nations, Wilson would not accept them

  21. LEAGUE OF NATIONS • ARTICLE 10 • The Members of the League undertake to respect and preserve as against external aggression the territorial integrity and existing political independence of all Members of the League. In case of any such aggression or in case of any threat or danger of such aggression, the Council shall advise upon the means by which this obligation shall be fulfilled. • Problems Senator Lodge Had With LON • Power of Congress to declare war • Get US involved in a war with no self-interest • How would it effect the Monroe Doctrine Policy? • Will the LON guarantee a just and lasting peace? • Goes against our policy of no “foreign alliances” US does not join.

  22. What does Lodge mean… • How could the League of Nations cause the US it’s ability to declare war? If there is any conflict with a member of the League of Nations it is the duty of other members to protect said member. This could pull the US into many wars which have no meaning or gain for the US. Ironically, Wilson wanted to build an entire group of nations, including the losers, to work together and share, basically play nice. As you will see Wilson’s work goes awry and many countries are disappointed by the Treaty of Versailles. Two in particular are Germany, who had to pay to fix Europe (they had no money after the war, so we pay with the thought that Britain & France would help) and Italy who was promised more land and received nothing. Causing more friction and eventually WWII

  23. LEAGUE OF NATIONS • Without the assistance of the of the United States the League of Nations was doomed to failure • It does fail!.

  24. Europe Prior to WWI

  25. New Countries Czechoslovakia Austria Hungary Yugoslavia Poland Lithuania Finland Latvia Estonia Turkey Iraq

  26. So…. • Of Wilson’s 14 Points how many were used? • How will Germany and Italy feel after the Treaty of Versailles is unveiled? • How did the US curtail unrestricted submarine warfare? • Why was the US such a force when they entered the war? • Why did the US not join the League of Nations? • What was Wilson’s ultimate goal when writing his 14 Points?

  27. Of Wilson’s 14 Points how many were used? • One

  28. How will Germany and Italy feel after the Treaty of Versailles is unveiled? • Betrayed and angry

  29. How did the US curtail unrestricted submarine warfare? • The Convoy system

  30. Why was the US such a force when they entered the war? • They were not tired • They had not been fighting for 3 years • They fought with a purpose that most other countries had long forgotten

  31. Why did the US not join the League of Nations? • Afraid they would b pulled into wars they had nothing to do with

  32. What was Wilson’s ultimate goal when writing his 14 Points? • Obsessed with New World Order • US promote democracy around the world • End war trough cooperation • Should be based on honesty and unselfishness

  33. Next time • Please read Chapter 10 section 4

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