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Committee: Political Question of: Measures to fight terrorism in LEDC’s

Committee: Political Question of: Measures to fight terrorism in LEDC’s. By: Victor Huang (Chair). Introduction.

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Committee: Political Question of: Measures to fight terrorism in LEDC’s

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  1. Committee: PoliticalQuestion of: Measures to fight terrorism in LEDC’s By: Victor Huang (Chair)

  2. Introduction • Terrorism has always been a prevalent problem throughout the world today. The infamous September 11th bombings was orchestrated by the Al-Qaeda terrorist group, and in retaliation the United States spearheaded a “Global War on Terrorism”, which aimed to eliminate the Al-Qaeda organization as well as other terrorist organizations. Most of these terrorist organizations reside in LEDCs (Less Economically Developed Countries), because many of these terrorist groups have religious motivations and many LEDCs share the same strong religious tie. So some LEDCs harbor and sometimes even outright support these terrorist groups, or in some extreme cases, the terrorist groups themselves are in control of the actual nation itself, or part of it. For example, Hamas, an organization classified as a terrorist organization by the US, NATO, EU, Canada, and Japan, is currently controlling the Gaza strip area of the Palestinian territories. The presence of Hamas in the Gaza strip has further intensified already existing political and physical conflicts between Israel and the multiple Israeli authorities in Gaza, and has caused much unneeded conflict. Terrorism should not be tolerated, and in order to someday make the UN goal of World Peace a reality, terrorism must be eliminated.

  3. Glossary/Key Terms • LEDCs: Less Economically Developed Countries. A more formal term used by officials/MUN-delegates to refer to countries which have less economic resources, less economic wealth as a nation, and generally worse standards of life than more-developed nations like the USA or Great Britain. • NATO: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization with 28 member nations, and intergovernmental military alliance that uses a system of collective defense where its member states agree in mutual defense in response to an attack from any other party. NATO has is a large military power that has assisted militarily in many past conflicts, such as the Afghanistan war, protecting maritime traffic from Somali pirates in the Gulf of Aden, and the 2011 intervention in Libya. Notable member nations of NATO include the USA, Canada, Portugal, UK, France, Russia The flag of Syria, a famous example of a LEDC Flag of NATO

  4. Glossary (Cont.) • EU: An economic and political union of 27 member states that are mostly located within Europe. Notable members include the UK, Germany, Greece, Spain, Portugal, France. • Gaza Strip: An area of Palestinian territory that has been under Hamas control since 2007. Originally under control of the Palestinian National Authority (Now the State of Palestine), Hamas gained control of it after the Hamas political party won the Palestinian legislative elections of 2006. Flag of EU

  5. Background information (pt .1) • The most interesting problem about the topic of eliminating terrorism is that throughout the international community, there exists no legally binding, criminal law definition of it. As a result, some nations have different definitions of terrorism which could help them harbor terrorists, since the nations themselves could have a very vague law regarding terrorism, and then interpret it the way they wish. Since their law defining terrorism could be very vague, it would allow them much leeway to create loopholes in which they could then use to justify harboring organizations that are deemed terrorists by other nations. Although the colloquial use of terrorism refers to “the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion”, and that is what most people understand terrorism to be, the lack of a binding legal definition severely hampers the process of eliminating terrorists throughout the world, not just in LEDCs.

  6. Background information (pt. 2) In 2011, there have been over 10,000 terrorist attacks throughout the world, affecting nearly 45,000 victims in 70 countries and resulting in over 12,500 deaths worldwide. Islamic Sunni extremists accounted for the largest number of attacks and fatalities. More than 5,700 attacks were attributed to Sunni extremists, and the extremists accounted for about 56% of all attacks and about 70% of all fatalities. Among the Sunni extremists, Al Qaeda and its affiliates were responsible for about 700 attacks that resulted in almost 2000 deaths, while the Taliban in Afghanistan and Pakistan instrumented over 800 attacks that resulted in nearly 1900 deaths. And this is only in 2011 alone. In 2010, there were over 11,000 terrorist attacks worldwide, and in 2009, nearly 11,000 terrorist attacks. Even though recently there has been a slight decrease in the number of terrorist attacks reported, terrorists are still very much at large and a prevalent problem for the international community today.

  7. UN involvement Some measures the UN has taken to counteract terrorism would include the UN Global Counter Terrorism Strategy. This counter-terrorism strategy is in the form of a resolution, and was adopted by the General Assembly (GA) on September 8th 2006. Within the Strategy itself it contains measures to address the conditions that lead to the spread of terrorism, measures to prevent and combat terrorism, and measures to help nations combat and prevent terrorism and ensure that human rights are always respected during this fight against terrorism. Also, the Security Council has enacted sanctions against States that the UN considers to have ties with terrorist organizations, such as Libya (1992), Sudan (1996), the Taliban (1999) and Al Qaeda (2000). In addition, after the September 11th attacks, the Security Council established a Counter-Terrorism Committee which comprised all members of the Security Council, under resolution 1373.

  8. Possible Solutions The UN Security Council emphasizes the need to address the conditions that lead to the spread of terrorism. Sustained international efforts to increase dialogue and broaden understanding amongst differing religions and cultures in order to prevent terrorism that targets a specific religion or culturewould also be a viable step towards eliminating terrorism. The lack of an internationally recognized and legally binding criminal definition for the term “terrorism” is an issue that is also should be addressed as a solution. Delegates should also address what incentives nations have to harbor terrorist organizations, and see if there are any other alternative incentives to offer to these governments to deter them from harboring terrorist organizations. (i.e. if a nation harbors a terrorist organization because their financial position renders them unable to fund a standing army from scratch, additional funding could be given to said nation to deter them from continuing to assist the terrorist organization

  9. Major Terrorist Groups in LEDCs (p. 1) • Al-Qaeda – An Islamic militant organization founded by Osama Bin Laden that is recognized as a terrorist state by many nations and organizations, like the UN Security Council, the USA, EU, and NATO. It operates as a network that has a multinational stateless army, and a radical Sunni Muslim movement. Al Qaeda currently operates/has bases in Mali, Iraq, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and other Middle-Eastern nations. The Taliban – an Islamic fundamentalist political movement in Afghanistan. From 1996 – 2001 the Taliban ruled Afghanistan as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, but after the 9/11 attacks in 2001 the Taliban was overthrown by the US-led invasion of Afghanistan. It is currently an insurgency movement that fights against the American backed Karzai administration of Afghanistan and the International Security Assistance force, led by NATO. The Taliban currently operates in Afghanistan and Pakistan.

  10. Major terrorist groups in LEDCs (p. 2) Hezbollah – A Shi’a Islamic militant group that and political party. Iran and Syria both give political and financial support to Hezbollah, and US, the UK, Canada, and Israel all classify Hezbollah as a terrorist organization. One of the goals of Hezbollah is the destruction of the Israeli state, similar to many other Islamic organizations within the Gaza Strip area. Hezbollah primarily operates within Lebanon and in June 13, 2011, Hezbollah became officially part of the Lebanese government. Hamas – An Islamic militant organization that is recognized as a terrorist organization by numerous nations throughout the world. One of their chief goals is to liberate Palestine from Israeli occupation, or in plainer terms, wipe the only completely Jewish state (Israel) off the face of the Earth with possibly violent means. Hamas currently operates in the Gaza strip area.

  11. Timeline:

  12. Recent resolutions pertaining to terrorism • December 14th 2012 – Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism: http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/67/99 • December 19th 2011 – Protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism: http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/66/171 • December 2nd 2011 – Measures to prevent terrorists from acquiring weapons of mass destruction: http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/66/50 • January 14th 2010 – Institutionalization of the Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force: http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/64/235

  13. Bibliography • https://www.cia.gov/news-information/cia-the-war-on-terrorism/index.html • http://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/2011/195555.htm • http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/terrorismhttp://www.un.org/terrorism/instruments.shtml • http://www.un.org/terrorism/resolutions.shtml • http://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/2010/170266.htm • http://www.un.org/terrorism/securitycouncil.shtml

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