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The Changing Workplace

Ch. 8, Sect. 4. The Changing Workplace. Objectives. 1. Learn about changes in manufacturing and factories 2. Understand the problems faced by the emerging industrial workforce VIDEO. SHIFT FROM RURAL TO URBAN MANUFACTURING.

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The Changing Workplace

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  1. Ch. 8, Sect. 4 The Changing Workplace

  2. Objectives • 1. Learn about changes in manufacturing and factories • 2. Understand the problems faced by the emerging industrial workforce • VIDEO

  3. SHIFT FROM RURAL TO URBAN MANUFACTURING • Weaving factories end the “putting-out system” of the “cottage-industry” • Decline of hand-produced goods • WHY?? • Unskilled laborers replaces skilled laborers (masters, journeymen, and apprentices) • What are each of these? • Factory products become cheaper, more available • What is happening to families and communities?

  4. Lowell, Massachusetts:Birthplace of American Industry • 1828: Women are 90% of the mill workforce • WHY? • “Mill Girls” • Unmarried • supervised by females • Opportunity to earn money and leave the farm!!!

  5. STRIKES AT LOWELL • Worked 12 hour day, 6 days a week • Poor wages, poor ventilation, poor conditions • Strikes over wages in 1834 and 1836 both fail • 1844: Mill workers form Lowell Female Labor Reform Association. • Petition to the state legislature HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Women begin to organize for political and social change.

  6. Workers Seek Better Conditions • 1835: Nations first general strike in Philly • Skilled and unskilled workers! • Employers use “strikebreakers” • What is a strikebreaker? • Who were the best strikebreakers? • By 1840s new immigrants are organizing their own strikes: • Irish Dockworkers strike in NY in 1840’s • Ladies Industrial Association, NY in 1845

  7. National Trades’ Union Journeymen begin to organize collectively, rather than by specific trades  more bargaining power. • 1834: Journeymen from several industries organize the National Trades’ Union. • Courts declare the Unions illegal. • 1842: Mass. Supreme Court affirms worker’s rights in Commonwealth v. Hunt. • 1860: only 5,000 workers are unionized, though 20,000 participate in strikes

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