圖書館與 Web 2.0 創新服務模式

1. 圖書館與Web 2.0創新服務模式 卜小蝶 臺灣師範大學圖書資訊學研究所 htpu@ntnu.edu.tw6/1/2007

2. 大綱 • 前言 • Web 2.0的創新服務模式 • 圖書館的2.0策略 • 結語

3. 前言

4. For the Past (Library 1.0) Library Reader Book

5. Recently … • Wikipedia vs. Britannica • Google+Yahoo!奇摩知識+ vs. Library • Blog+YouTube vs. Mass Media • Open Access vs. Publishing • XML vs. MARC • ……

6. Where do you typically begin your search for information on a particular topic? College Students Response: • 89% Search engines (Google 62%) • 2% Library Web Site (total respondents -> 1%) • 2% Online Database • 1% E-mail • 1% Online News • 1% Online bookstores • 0% Instant Messaging / Online Chat OCLC (2005). Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources.

7. For the Current (Library 2.0)

8. 環境掃瞄 (Environmental Scanning) • 個人 (Individual) • 組織 (Organization) • 社會 (Society)

9. 想想自己

10. 圖書館員是份好職業 • 5 of the most unpopular jobs (CNN, 2006) • 2009年時館員平均65歲，引發退休潮 • 薪水太低，年輕人較不感興趣 • Best careers (US News & Reports, 2007) • 較理想的薪水、地位及生活品質，工作時間固定、通常不需加班、工作環境賞心悅目 • 即使人人都可以使用Google上網搜尋資料，但面對浩瀚的電子資源，仍感覺離不開圖書館員的協助。傳統“書蟲”式的人物搖身成為高科技資訊領域的靈光人士 http://61.129.65.8:82/gate/big5/news.eastday.com/w/20070512/u1a2825557.html

11. 5 of the most unpopular jobs • Registered nurse • Machinist • Librarian • Truck driver • Pharmacist http://www.cnn.com/2006/US/Careers/02/08/cb.unpopular.jobs/index.html

12. 25 Best Careers http://www.usnews.com/usnews/biztech/best_careers_2007/careertable.htm

13. The New Library Professional-- Feral Professionals • 1985, 7%  2005, 23% • < 35 歲 • 薪水較高 (> $54,000) • 多從事IT相關職務 (58%) • 男生居多 • 沒有圖資訓練背景 • 能力較多元 http://chronicle.com/jobs/news/2007/02/2007022001c/careers.html

14. 看看組織

15. 從ARL的統計談起 • 電子資源持續上升 • 電子資源平均佔37%的經費預算 • “擷取”比“擁有”重要 • 每年購買電子期刊平均上升6.6% • “讀”者還是不少 • 流通次數微幅下降(-0.5%或-1.2%)，但仍維持每年約47萬筆流通人次 • 讀者服務內涵改變 • 參考諮詢是下降最快的服務項目 (-4.6%) • 利用指導與館際互借次數上升幅度較高 (3.3%, 6.7%) • 人力穩定持平 • 約270人 http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/arlstat05.pdf

16. A Typical ARL Library (2005) • 每年200萬美金預算 • 約267名員工 • 服務22,047名學生，1,355位教員 • 購買22,404種期刊，30,217冊圖書 • 473,216流通次數，25,729次館際互借 • 66,300次參考諮詢 • 803場利用指導，13,782參加人次

17. 量未變，質變？ http://www.lib.nctu.edu.tw/intro/001_6.html

18. 聽聽社會

19. 無紙社會終於來臨? • “Most people are aware that a national switch to digital broadcasting is expected by the end of this decade. Less well known is the fact that a similar trend is underway in the world of publishing: by the year 2020, 40% of UK research monographs will be available in electronic format only, while a further 50% will be produced in both print and digital. A mere 10% of new titles will be available in print alone by 2020” http://www.bl.uk/about/strategic/pdf/blstrategy20052008.pdf

20. Future Library? (Apple Flagship in London) http://www.mondiale.co.uk/mondoarc/apple.html

21. 誠品社區圖書館

22. 長尾效應(Long Tail Effect) 積少成多，80/20原則  50/50原則 http://www.thelongtail.com

23. 短尾效應 (Short Tail Effect) http://www.clarisita.org/index.php?blogid=1&archive=2005-09

24. 台灣網路產業呈短尾現象 • Yahoo!奇摩每月總瀏覽網頁數超過全台灣前100名網站總和 • Reach rate 98%，每日700萬人次流量，佔有近7成的網路廣告市場 創市際市場研究顧問2006/12 ARO網路行為測量資料庫

25. 居安思危 • 沒有“書”，還需要圖書館嗎? • 別人作得比我好，還需要我嗎? • 當多數業務都已外包，圖書館／館員的核心價值或競爭優勢為何?  不斷創新！

26. Redefining the Library(大英圖書館Chief Executive的想法) 1. Know your users and keep close to them (and your lost users and your non-users) 2. Re-think the physical spaces of the library and create a “desirable draw” 3. Integrate marketing in your organisation and in the way you approach strategy and service development 4. Open up your legacy print collections to digital channels and reveal them through digitisation 5. Reduce legacy costs and continue to improve productivity in traditional library activities 6. Invest more in innovation and digital activities 7. Develop our people and ensure that we have the right mix of skills http://conference.ub.uni-bielefeld.de/2006/proceedings/brindley_final_web.pdf

27. Changing a Cultural Icon: The Academic Library as a Virtual Destination（一位美國大學圖書館館長的想法） • Providing quality learning spaces • Creating metadata • Offering virtual reference services • Teaching information literacy • Choosing resources and managing resource licenses • Collecting and digitizing archival materials • Maintaining digital repositories http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/erm0610.pdf

28. 您的想法？

29. Web 2.0的創新服務模式

30. 何謂Web 2.0? 有何創新? http://youtube.com/watch?v=6gmP4nk0EOE&feature=dir

31. 高等教育的6大科技趨勢 • 1年以內 • User-Created Content • Social Networking • 2-3年 • Mobile Phones • Virtual Worlds • 4-5年 • The New Scholarship and Emerging Forms of Publication • Massively Multiplayer Educational Gaming http://www.nmc.org/pdf/2007_Horizon_Report.pdf

32. Web 2.0 Thinking Game Web 1.0: Couldn’t wait to get involved Web 2.0: Can’t wait for 2.0 to pass. Web 1.0: Content is king! Web 2.0: Contributed content is king! (ie the comments are more informative than the original post) Web 1.0: Audience Web 2.0: Communities Web 1.0: Geeks do it. Web 2.0: Everybody does it. Web 1.0: AOL buys Time Warner. Web 2.0: Google buys YouTube. Web 1.0: online for 4 hours a day Web 2.0: online for 14 hours a day Web 1.0: without comment Web 2.0: with comments Web 1.0 - Actually design website Web 2.0 - Attend and host hundreds of conferences. Web 1.0: Old folks have no clue. Web 2.0: My parents just left a comment on my blog. http://www.zeldman.com/2006/10/17/web-20-thinking-game/

33. Measuring the Participatory Web • Web 2.0的2006年成長率668% • Wikipedia : Encarta = 3400 : 1 • 參與程度 • 0.16% YouTube • 0.20% Flickr • 4.59% Wikipedia (entry edits) • 年齡 • Wikipedia 35-55；YouTube 25-54 • 性別 • Wikipedia 60/40；YouTube 76/24 Hitwise. http://www.businessweek.com/the_thread/blogspotting/archives/pdf/Tancer Web2expo1.pdf

34. State of the Blogosphere  • 70 million blogs (15.3 million or 21% "active"), • 120,000 new blogs per day, 1.5 million new posts per day • 12% of the top 100 sites 6 months ago were blogs, and now 22%; Mainstream media is still at the top; 88% of the top 100 is different than one year ago • Influential bloggers post more frequently, on average twice a day; at least 1-2 years. "magic middle" bloggers (about 3M) post on average once a day. • Japanese (37%), English (33%), undercounts: French, Korean and Chinese • 230 million tags over two years, 37% using author tags Technorati. http://www.sifry.com/stateoftheliveweb/

35. 图书馆职业的十大敌人 • Google • Baidu • Amazon • Dangdang • Douban • OCLC • LibraryThing • W3C • Askjeeves (Ask.com) • Starbucks you.xmulib.org/21_a_03.ppt you.xmulib.org/21_a_03.ppt http://you.xmulib.org/21_a_03.ppt

36. 是敵人還是朋友?

37. 圖書館的2.0策略

38. Web 2.0 的啟示 • 使用者參與 • 去中介者化 (Disintermediation) • 資訊需求者＝資訊提供者 • 量變引起質變 • 豐富的內容與關聯 • 人人為我、我為人人 • 網路應用成功法則 • 簡單 • 由下而上

39. 實例介紹 • 主任2.0  館長2.0  館員 2.0 (由中-而上-而下) • “真正”瞭解使用者 (User 2.0) • 先經營館員社群 • 行銷免不了 • 先盡好本份 (以OPAC 2.0為例)

40. AADL Director’s Blog http://www.aadl.org/directorsblog

41. Librarian as a Blogger 姜義臺的網路圖書館 Library Views 梁董的吧台後 閱讀浩然Blog XXC’s Blog 秋聲Blog 閱讀的所在 編目精靈 程煥文的博客 老槐也博客 Keven’s Blog

42. Librarian as a Wikimania http://booklovers.pbwiki.com/Princeton%20Public%20Library

43. Librarian as a Podcaster http://www.fordlibrary.org/clickastory/

44. Librarian as a Knowledge Advisor

45. Librarian 2.0 can’t get away from IT • RFID • E-Paper/Ink • Semantic Tech • SOA & MDA • Data/Knowledge Mining • PKM • VOIP • P2P • Grid • Preservation Tech …

46. Librarian 2.0 still needs • Passion (態度要熱情) • Competence (能力要學習) • Resource (機會要主動)

47. Social Technogrphics http://blogs.forrester.com/charleneli/2007/04/forresters_new_.html

48. Game Generation http://www.library.uiuc.edu/gaming/

49. Librarian Trading Cards http://www.flickr.com/groups/librariancards/pool/

50. Librarians got together in the Second Life