Invertebrates

1. Invertebrates Chapter 29 and 30 Sponges, Cnidarians, Flatworms, Roundworms, mollusks, annelids

2. Animal Kingdom Characteristics • - multicellular • - eukaryotic • - heterotrophs • - movement • - tissues

3. - Bilateral Symmetry- equal halves in one direction Body Plans

4. Radial Symmetry • - 360 degrees; equal halves

5. - Asymmetry- cannot cut in equal halves

6. - Ectoderm- outside body layer- skin and hair - Endoderm- inside body layer- digestive tract Body Development

7. - Mesoderm- middle layer- muscles, blood and organs

8. - Types of Body Cavities: • 1. Coelom- true body cavity • - surrounded by mesoderm

11. -2. Pseudocoelom- false cavity - between mesoderm and endoderm

12. 3. Acoelomate • No body cavity.

13. Let’s Review. What type of symmetry is this?

14. What type of symmetry?

15. Symmetry?

17. - Vertebrates- animals with backbones • - fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals

19. - Invertebrates- animals without backbones • - sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, worms, echinoderms, arthropods

20. Sponges: Phylum Porifera • Asymmetrical – no symmetry • No tissues or organs (cells work together to perform a specific function • 2 body layers: endo-, ecto- • Sessile – do not move • Variety of shapes and colors • Acoelemate – no body cavity

21. Variety of Sponges

22. Digestion of sponges • Sponges are consumers • Feed on bacteria, algae, protozoans (filter feeders)

23. Sponge digestion continued:

24. Reproduction • Either sexual or asexual • Asexual- fragmentation- each piece of sponge will grow into a complete new sponge • Sexual- hermaphrodite- produce both eggs and sperm- release into water at different times-sperm from one enters pores of other to fertilize eggs- External fertilization

25. Reproduction continued • Produces a zygote- free swimming larvae for a short time- attaches to surface- new sponge

26. Cnidarians- the stingersCoral

27. Characteristics of Cnidarians • Two Types: • Polyp – sessile, tube-like with tentacles ex. Coarl, sea anemone • Medusa – free swimming, umbrella shaped • Jellyfish • Has tissues – ecto-, endo- • Nematocysts – stinging cells on tentacles • Radial symmetry • acoelamate

28. B

29. How Cnidarians Get O2? • Diffusion • Have nervous tissue.

30. Reproduction • Asexual- budding- small extensions of body grow and then breaks away from parent • Sexual-some species are hermaphrodites • Others, female releases egg and male releases sperm into water- External fertilization

31. hydra

32. Portugese Man of War (colony)

33. Jelly fish

34. Sea anemone

35. Sea Anemones

36. Coral reef

37. Coral reefs Structure See diagram – oldest part is deeper. Newest is toward the top. Live symbiotically with unicellular yellow brown algae- zooxanthellae

38. Benefit of Symbiotic Relationship: Coral gets: food (coral can also capture food with tentacles) Algae gets: Protection and access to sunlight

40. Coral Bleaching • When coral ejects it’s algae- coral turns white • Coral doesn’t get enough food- dies

41. Coral bleaching due to: • Diseases • Increased Ultra violet radiation • Sedimentation • Pollution • Increased water temperatures • Direct destruction by humans- anchors, touching while diving

42. Bleached coral

43. Flatworms • Acoelomate • Bilateral symmetry

44. Platyhelminthes – flatworms

45. Characteristics of flatworms: • Can be parasitic, or free living • 1 body opening • Hermaphrodites or asexual reproduction by regeneration: breaking in 2, and each becomes a new organism • Get O2 through skin- diffusion

47. Tapeworm • Body Two parts: • Scolex – head • Proglottids – body sections • Attach to inside of intestines • Parasite • Ex. Beef tapeworm: become infected by eating raw beef.

48. Getting Beef tapeworm:

49. Blood fluke - causes Schitomiasis