1 / 9

Alcohols and Ethers

Alcohols and Ethers. Alcohols. Organic compounds containing a hydroxyl group -OH E.g. ethanol, cholesterol, retinol (vitamin A) Naming: -ol suffix e.g. methane + OH = methanol. Polyalcohols. Alcohols containing more than one -OH group -diol, -triol suffix Or hydroxy prefix.

val
Télécharger la présentation

Alcohols and Ethers

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Alcohols and Ethers

  2. Alcohols • Organic compounds containing a hydroxyl group -OH • E.g. ethanol, cholesterol, retinol (vitamin A) Naming: • -ol suffix e.g. methane + OH = methanol

  3. Polyalcohols • Alcohols containing more than one -OH group • -diol, -triol suffix • Or hydroxy prefix 1,2-dihydroxyethane 1,2,3-trihydroxypropane

  4. Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Alcohols • Depends on the number of carbon groups the hydroxyl containing carbon is attached to • 1 other carbon atom- primary • 2 other carbon atoms –secondary • 3 carbon atoms –tertiary

  5. Properties of Alcohols • More polar and can hydrogen bond • Higher boiling points • More soluble in polar solvents • Long-chain alcohols are nonpolar (hydrocarbon portion) and polar (-OH) • Ideal solvents in organic reactions because they will dissolve both polar and nonpolar compounds

  6. Preparing Alcohols:Hydration Reactions • Alkene + water --> alcohol • Follows Markovnikov’s rule Combustion of Alcohols

  7. Elimination Reactions Dehydration (Condensation) Reactions: • Under certain conditions alcohols can decompose to produce alkenes and water • A catalyst (sulfuric acid) removes a hydrogen atom and a hydroxyl group from neighbouring carbons • Resulting in C=C and H2O

  8. Ethers • Molecules with C-O-C group • More polar than hydrocarbons • But, unlike alcohols, ethers cannot hydrogen bond • Naming: • Add oxy to the prefix of the smaller hydrocarbon group and join it to the alkane name of the larger hydrocarbon group • E.g. CH3-O-C2H5 is methoxyethane

  9. Condensation Reactions • When two alcohols combine, an ether and water are formed

More Related