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Personality Research Methods: Correlation and Reliability

Personality Research Methods: Correlation and Reliability. Measuring personality variables. What is a variable? What kinds of variables are there? Categorical variables (examples: gender, political affiliation) Continuous variables (height, weight)

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Personality Research Methods: Correlation and Reliability

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  1. Personality Research Methods:Correlation and Reliability

  2. Measuring personality variables • What is a variable? • What kinds of variables are there? • Categorical variables (examples: gender, political affiliation) • Continuous variables (height, weight) • How can we measure an aspect of personality as a variable? • Psychometrics (psyche – mind, metric – measure): an applied branch of psychology that deals with psycho-logical measurement • The most commonly used approach to study human personality: the self-report questionnaire measure

  3. Personality InventoryPlease read the following items and decide how well they describe your personality. Respond to each according to the following list of alternatives: a. very much unlike me b. somewhat unlike me c. somewhat like me d. very much like me • I am socially somewhat awkward. • I don’t find it hard to talk with strangers • I feel tense when I’m with people I don’t know well. • When conversing I worry about saying something dumb. • I feel nervous when speaking to someone in authority. • I am often uncomfortable at parties and other social functions. • I feel inhibited in social situations. • I have trouble looking someone right in the eye. • I am more shy with members of the opposite sex.

  4. Correlating variables • What is a variable? • What kinds of variables are there? • Categorical variables (examples: gender, political affiliation) • Continuous variables (height, weight) • Correlating two variables • Measure the two variables (X and Y) as accurately as you can • Plot the variables as X-Y coordinates on a two-dimensional space • Examine the shape of the “scatterplot” to estimate the size and “direction” of the correlation • Compute the correlation coefficient using the correct mathematical formula (or let the computer do it for you)

  5. Standard scores in a normal distribution

  6. Reliability in personality measurement • Reliability (consistency of measurement, or agreement) • Internal consistency • Item-to-total correlation • Split-half reliability • Cronbach’s alpha • Parallel forms reliability • Inter-observer reliability • Test-retest reliability

  7. Personality InventoryPlease read the following items and decide how well they describe your personality. Respond to each according to the following list of alternatives: a. very much unlike me b. somewhat unlike me c. somewhat like me d. very much like me • I am socially somewhat awkward. • I don’t find it hard to talk with strangers • I feel tense when I’m with people I don’t know well. • When conversing I worry about saying something dumb. • I feel nervous when speaking to someone in authority. • I am often uncomfortable at parties and other social functions. • I feel inhibited in social situations. • I have trouble looking someone right in the eye. • I am more shy with members of the opposite sex.

  8. Reliability in personality measurement • Reliability (consistency of measurement, or agreement) • Internal consistency • Item-to-total correlation • Split-half reliability • Cronbach’s alpha • Parallel forms reliability • Inter-observer reliability • Test-retest reliability

  9. Item-to-total correlations

  10. Reliability in personality measurement • Reliability (consistency of measurement, or agreement) • Internal consistency • Item-to-total correlation • Split-half reliability • Cronbach’s alpha • Parallel forms reliability • Inter-observer reliability • Test-retest reliability

  11. Reliability in personality measurement • Reliability (consistency of measurement, or agreement) • Internal consistency • Item-to-total correlation • Split-half reliability • Cronbach’s alpha • Parallel forms reliability • Inter-observer reliability • Test-retest reliability

  12. Reliability (internal consistency) Cronbach’s alpha = .83Factor pattern Factor 1

  13. Reliability in personality measurement • Reliability (consistency of measurement, or agreement) • Internal consistency • Item-to-total correlation • Split-half reliability • Cronbach’s alpha • Parallel forms reliability • Inter-observer reliability • Test-retest reliability

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