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Body Fluids

Body Fluids. Specimen Collections. Sputum Collections. Sputum: secretions from the lower respiratory tract Useful in determining specific types of respiratory disorders Patient may obtain sample by coughing, or by respiratory induction. ( RT uses a catheter to suction out secretions).

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Body Fluids

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  1. Body Fluids Specimen Collections

  2. Sputum Collections • Sputum: secretions from the lower respiratory tract • Useful in determining specific types of respiratory disorders • Patient may obtain sample by coughing, or by respiratory induction. ( RT uses a catheter to suction out secretions)

  3. Sputum Collections • Some specimens require collection for up to 3 days. • Pts. Who present with TB symptoms hve to obtain specimens for 3 consecutive mornings . • * for easier acquisition of sputum, it is advisable for pt’s to drink plenty of fluids throughout the day

  4. Sputum…cont • All samples must be taken to the lab immediately… or refrigerated… • Pt’s information, time of collection, etc must accompany specimen to the lab. • Must be placed in biohazard bag for transport to lab. • WEAR GLOVES!!!!

  5. Stool Specimens. • All “rules” regarding Universal precautions should be observed when obtaining stool specimens. • Pt may expell specimen in a “specipan” container…or • Digital removal of specimen may be required.

  6. Stool Specimens Specimen should be obtained with a tongue depressor, about the size of a half dollar. Placed in a sterile container. Secure lid tightly, Label with pt. Information, and time of collection..place in biohazard bag. Lab request slip with test to be performed.. Most common tests are for: occult blood, ova and parasites..

  7. Specimen Collections Body Fluid Collections

  8. Urine Specimens • Urinalysis: most frequently ordered test • 3 major areas of testing: • Physical • Chemical • Microscopic

  9. Urinalysis • Collected in plastic test tubes • Pt’s name, date, time of collection on tube • Tests should be performed within 2 hours of obtaining specimen. If not specimen should be refrigerated

  10. Urinalysis • FYI • 1st am urine is the most concentrated • Random urine specimens (no preparation/nonscheduled) • Midstream Catch: partial voiding before obtaining sample, about 3 oz. ( this clears sloughed off cells, bacteria, mucous, or other debris that could interfere with test accuracy)

  11. 24 hour urine sample • Large container with preservative added • Must be refrigerated during the 24 hrs (usually in a bucket of ice) • Should start with the 2nd voiding of the day • Should end with the 1st voiding of the next am. • Pt’s name, date, time collection began

  12. Pediatric urine sample • Collection bags fit over child’s genitals and are secured with tape • Can be done at home. Instruct parents to transfer urine from bag into clean dry container for transport to lab. • Pt’s name, date, time of collection

  13. Catheterization • 3 reasons for catheterization: • To obtain a sterile urine sample for analysis • To relieve urinary retention • To instill medicine into the bladder, after the bladder is emptied • For urine sample: Quick Cath, In & Out Cath • For incontinence: Foley Catheter

  14. Catheterization Catheter Collection Bag Bladder

  15. Urinalysis • Culture & Sensitivity: determines what be maintained throughout the procedure microorganism is present and what antibiotic will be effective in treatment • Sterile Technique must be followed.

  16. Physical Characteristics • color: pale yellow to red • clarity: clear, cloudy, with exudate, etc. • odor: none, slight, strong, foul • specific gravity: ( indicates concentration of urine..values between 1.003-1.035 nml)

  17. Urinalysis • Physical cont’ • Hematuria: blood content in urine: gives urine a rusty to red color • Medications can cause change in color: • Pyridium= orange

  18. Chemical Urinalysis • Done to reveal abnormal substances in urine • Reagent Strips: convenient, inexpensive diagnostic test • Abnormal substances in urine include: glucose, albumin(protein), ketones (acetone), bilirubin, blood, nitrates, leukocytes. • Can measure pH (nml= 5.0-7.0) and specific gravity as well

  19. Microscopic Urinalysis • Done to detect specific abnormalities, ie: microbes, crystals, cells etc…see pg 587

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