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Charts and Graphs

Charts and Graphs. Charts and Graphs. T ABLE O F C ONTENTS. Lessons 1. Intake and Output Chart Go 2. TPR Graph Go. Lesson 1– Intake and Output. Intake and output charts are used to measure all fluids that a patient takes in and releases.

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Charts and Graphs

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  1. Charts and Graphs

  2. Charts and Graphs TABLE OF CONTENTS Lessons 1. Intake and Output Chart Go 2. TPR Graph Go

  3. Lesson 1– Intake and Output • Intake and output charts are used to measure all fluids that a patient takes in and releases. • If intake and output fluids are not balanced, dehydration or over-hydration may occur.

  4. Lesson 1– Intake • Intake is any fluid that goes into the body. It includes liquids such as water, milk, coffee, and juice. It also includes foods that are liquid at room temperature, such as soup, jello, and ice cream. • Other types of intake include intravenous (IV) and irrigation fluid.

  5. Lesson 1– Measuring Intake • Intake is measured in either cubic centimeters or milliliters. • When intake fluids are given intravenously, it is easy to measure the exact amount of fluid that is infused into the patient. • When fluids or liquid foods are ingested orally, a health care worker may need to estimate the intake.

  6. Lesson 1– Output • Output is any fluid that is released by the patient. • Output may include: • Urine • Drainage from an irrigation or suction tube • Emesis • Feces or liquid bowel movements

  7. Lesson 1– Measuring Output • Output is measured in graduated containers or output bags. • Measurements are taken in units of cubic centimeters or milliliters.

  8. Lesson 1– Intake and Output Chart • An intake and output chart is the record of all fluids a patient takes in and releases during one day. • Most charts include columns for intake types, output types, and comments. • The total daily intake should be almost the same as the total daily output.

  9. Lesson 2– TPR Graph • A TPR graph is a record of a patient’s temperature, pulse, and respiration during a stay in a hospital or long-term care facility. • The graph shows a visual diagram of the patient’s vital signs.

  10. Lesson 2– TPR Graph: Section 1 • The first section of a TPR graph contains basic information about the patient, including name, birthday, room number, and primary physician. • This section also has a row for days of the week. A typical TPR graph contains 7 days. • There is also a row for Day PO or PP. PO stands for postoperative, and PP stands for postpartum.

  11. Lesson 2– TPR Graph: Section 2 • The second section of a TPR graph is used to record temperature. • In addition to marking the degrees, health care workers must also indicate how the temperature was taken. • Oral – plain dot • Rectal – R • Axillary – Ax

  12. Lesson 2– TPR Graph: Sections 3 and 4 • The third section of a TPR graph is used to record pulse. Pulse is the number of times the heart beats per minute. • The fourth section is used to record respiration. Respiration is the number of times a patient breathes in and out during one minute.

  13. Lesson 2– TPR Graph: Section 5 • The last section of a TPR graph contains varied items, such as blood pressure (BP), intake and output, and weight. • Most TPR graphs contain extra rows for recording items that are specific to a patient’s situation. • The items in this section may not be recorded every day.

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