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Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis. From DNA to Proteins!. What is a gene?. A small segment of DNA that provides instructions for making proteins. Gene. What is a protein?. Amino acids (monomers) linked (bonded) together!. From DNA (gene) to protein?.

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Protein Synthesis

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  1. Protein Synthesis From DNA to Proteins!

  2. What is a gene? • A small segment of DNA that provides instructions for making proteins

  3. Gene

  4. What is a protein? • Amino acids (monomers) linked (bonded) together!

  5. From DNA (gene) to protein? • The nucleotide order is copied in the nucleus into a message (mRNA) = Transcription (DNA stays in the nucleus) • The “messengerRNA” is sent to the ribosome • C =G • G = C • T = A • A = U

  6. Transcription

  7. Proteins are made in the ribosomes! • Three nucleotides (bases) make a “codon” • Each codon is a message to bring in one amino acid (using tRNA) • The amino acids are linked together to form the protein

  8. Translation

  9. Practice! • In RNA, U (uracil) is substituted for T (thymine) • DNA = GGG CCC ATA • mRNA = CCC GGG UAU • Amino Acid = Pro Gly Tyr

  10. Examples of proteins • Sucrase (breaks down sucrose / sugar) • Helicase (unwinds DNA during replication) • Keratin (hair and nails) • Melanin (pigment in skin, hair and eyes) • Collagen (found in tendons and skin) • Insulin (regulates blood sugar) • Antibodies (fight invading bacteria) • Myosin (main protein of muscle fiber) • P53 (tumor/ cancer suppressor)

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