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The ideas of DEMOCRACY and NATIONALISM were “unleashed”: Spread of democratic ideas motto of the revolution: “liberty, equality, fraternity” A. Liberty 1. freedom from absolute rule 2. freedom from unfair economic restrictions 3. freedom of speech, press, religion, etc.
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The ideas of DEMOCRACY and NATIONALISM were “unleashed”: • Spread of democratic ideas • motto of the revolution: • “liberty, equality, fraternity” • A. Liberty • 1. freedom from absolute rule • 2. freedom from unfair economic restrictions • 3. freedom of speech, press, religion, etc. Results of the French Revolution for France
Results of the French Revolution for France • Spread of DEMOCRATIC ideas B. Equality – equal treatment before the law C. Fraternity - brotherhood of all people working together to make a better world
Results of the French Revolution for France II. Nationalism • Citizen armies to defend the nation B. National Anthems C. National holidays Bastille Day, July 14 D. State controlled education Marseillaise
The ideals of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Era spread to other nations. Napoleon’s domination of conquered nations does lead to the question…was Napoleon a hero or a tyrant?
Napoleonic Era Helps Influence Other Nations HOW? Planted Seeds of Revolution * Equality and freedom * Ended abuses of feudalism/serfdom * Introduced Code of Napoleon * Encouraged state controlled education * Introduced constitutions to conquered nations
Napoleonic Era Helps Influence Other Nations WHERE? Europe * Changed the Map of Europe * Reduced the number of German states from 100 to 39 * Ended Austrian domination of German states * Greek Independence – 1829 * Belgium – 1830
Napoleonic Era Helps Influence Other Nations WHERE? Latin America: 1. Haiti – 1804 2. Argentina & Chile – 1816, 1817 (Jose San Martin) 3. Venezuela – 1819 (Simon Bolivar) 4. Mexico – 1821 (Jose Morelos, Miguel Hidalgo) 5. Santo Domingo – 1821 * Spain no longer controlled land in Latin America after 1824 …forced removal of Ferdinand VII from the Spanish thrown and his replacement by Joseph Bonaparte, Napoleon's brother…
Napoleonic Era Helps Influence Other Nations Napoleon’s Legacy of War/Empire A. Promoted militarism B. Aroused nationalism C. Caused widespread destruction/loss of life D. Taxed conquered people heavily E. Set example as 1st modern dictator
Napoleon - Hero or Tyrant? Did Napoleon destroy or preserve the French Revolution? 1. Ruled as an ABSOLUTE MONARCH (Isn’t this what the Bourbons were?) 2. Provided an efficient government (Isn’t this what Louis XVI was NOT?) 3. Furthered revolutionary principles of equality (Isn’t this the reason for the Revolution?)
Napoleon - Hero or Tyrant? REFORMS 1. Centralized local government to strengthen his control on the country (appointed governors, mayors, judges, police heads) Even today, France still has a highly centralized government. …hmmm, a strong leader?..... 2. Set up a system of state controlled education (uniform for all, built new schools, promoted French Nationalism) …hmmm, equality for all?..... Remember the main question here: Did Napoleon destroy or preserve the French Revolution? A centralized government is the form of government in which power is concentrated in a central authority to which local governments are subject.
Napoleon - Hero or Tyrant? REFORMS 3. Guaranteed religious toleration …something the people wanted…. 4. Concordat of 1801 (re-established friendly relations with the church) a. State paid clergy salaries b. Church surrendered lands taken during the revolution c. Bishops nominated by State & Pope approves …exactly how is this good for the church?.... * Catholicism was declared the religion of the majority of Frenchmen. * Papal acceptance of church lands lost during the Revolution. * Bishops subservient to the regime. * Eventually, Pope Pius VII renounced the Concordat, and Napoleon had him brought to France and placed under house arrest. Napoleon wanted to heal the divisions within the Catholic Church that had developed after the confiscation of Church property and the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. But, Napoleon’s clear intent was to use the clergy to prop up his regime.
Napoleon - Hero or Tyrant? REFORMS 5. The Code of Napoleon a. equal treatment before the law b. abolished serfdom/feudalism c. granted trial by jury d. religious toleration …let’s see – equality and freedom/liberty… The Napoleonic Code, (French Civil Code), established under Napoléon. It was drafted rapidly by a commission of four eminent jurists and entered into force on March 21, 1804. Even though the Napoleonic code was not the first legal code to be established in a European country with a civil legal system, it is considered the first successful one and strongly influenced the law of many other countries. The Code, with its stress on clearly written and accessible law, was a major step in establishing the rule of law. Historians have called it “one of the few documents which have influenced the whole world."
Napoleon - Hero or Tyrant? REFORMS 6. Improved France’s infrastructure * built roads, bridges, canals, harbors and public works – he beautified Paris …made people proud of their country – Nationalism… 7. Improved the Economy a. created the Bank of France to maintain sound currency b. collected taxes fairly/efficiently c. paid the government debts …hmmm, ran an efficient government…who wants that?...
