Learners

1. Learners • Grades 9-12 • Middle class suburban community • Different levels of background knowledge with content • Different levels of interest and motivation • Most students have preconceived notion that Shakespeare is hard Brittni Ballard

2. Environment • Individual work • In a computer lab • Each student at own computer • Few distractions in area • Teacher present to monitor progress and provide more direction Brittni Ballard

3. Objectives • Given a literary term, students will be able to select the correct example of the definition; given an example of a term, students will be able to select the correct term. • Given a sentence or phrase from or relating to Shakespeare, students will be able to correctly identify which literary term is being exemplified. Brittni Ballard

4. Literary Techniques with Shakespeare Click anywhere to begin your fun and interactive lesson. By Brittni Ballard

5. How to Use this Presentation Click this button to go to the main menu Click this button to go to the next slide Click this button to go to the previous slide Click this button when prompted to review information Now, click to go to the next slide.

6. Read the following sentence. I went to the mall yesterday. I saw sales on shoes, shirts, and swim trunks. My feet went squeak on the linoleum. Those sales were as low as the Grand Canyon! They definitely called my name.

7. Those five sentences contain four literary techniques. Do you know what they are? Keep going to find out!

8. Main Menu L Click here to begin your lesson on common literary techniques. Q Click here to quiz yourself on these literary techniques. Click here to test yourself on these literary techniques in relation to Shakespeare. T Now, click the button that corresponds to what you want to do.

9. Why Shakespeare? … Well, why not? If the Beatles did Shakespeare, why shouldn’t you?

10. Watch this Beatles video Click on the following link to view the Beatles performing a Shakespeare skit from Scene V of a Midsummer Night’s Dream. Feel free to watch all of it or only a portion. http://youtube.com/watch?v=psATF1mUpUU

11. Tools Construction builders use tools like hammers and saws. Doctors use tools like stethoscopes and needles.

12. Tools Bands use tools like drums and guitars. And writers use tools like hyperboles and alliteration. These tools are literary terms and knowing about these tools will help you better appreciate what writers create.

13. What now? You will now read about many common literary techniques, some of which may be familiar to you. These terms can be found in poetry as well as other writings. You will be given the term, its definition, and an example. GOOD LUCK!

14. Allegory Definition: a form of extended metaphor in which objects, persons, and/or actions are equated with meanings outside the literature; this piece of literature has two meanings – a literal and a figurative meaning Example

15. Allegory 3 Example: Common examples include “Animal Farm,” a comment on Marxism and “The Jungle,” a comment on socialism. On a more complex level, “The Crucible” is a comment on Communism and the Second Red Scare.

16. Alliteration Definition: the repitition of the same sounds at the beginnings of words Example

17. Alliteration 2 Example: “Whereat, with blade, with bloody blameful blade” – from the prologue in Shakespeare’s “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” Video

18. Watch this Blackalicious video Click on the following link to watch Blackalicious perform their alphabet rap, “Alphabet Aerobics.” Feel free to watch all of it or only a portion. http://youtube.com/watch?v=i-dJ6xbrWHQ

19. Allusion Definition: the reference to an object, person, or circumstance that existed or occurred outside the literature; the reference can be historical, religious, or literary Example

20. Allusion 1 Example: The “Catcher in the Rye” is an allusion to the title and theme of Robert Burn’s poem “Comin’ Thro’ the Rye.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catcher_in_the_Rye/

21. Analogy Definition: the comparison of two pairs which have the same relationship; types of relationships include similes (like pairs), antonyms (opposites), parts of a whole and this as a result of that Example

22. Analogy 2 4 Example: Hot is to cold as fire is to ice. Also, hot:cold :: fire:ice. This example is one of an antonym.

23. Apostrophe Definition: the direct address of an absent person or an abstract concept Example

24. Apostrophe 8 Example: “Oh, pardon me, thou bleeding piece of earth, That I am meek and gentle with the butchers!” – from Shakespeare’s “Julius Caesar” This example is one of addressing an abstract concept.

25. Caesura Definition: a pause somewhere in the middle of a verse; some coincide with the punctuation of the line, others follow natural speaking patterns Example

26. Caesura 5 Example: “To err is human; to forgive, divine.” – from Alexander Pope’s “Essay on Criticism” This example is one that follows the punctuation of the line.

27. Connotation Definition: the emotional and imaginative association surrounding a word, or the implied meaning of a word Example

28. Connotation 3 Example: Iago, in Shakespeare’s “Othello,” is a snake. http://www.shakespeare.duncans.tv/images/othello-iago.jpg

29. Denotation Definition: the strict dictionary definition of a word Example

30. Denotation 5 Example: An anaconda is a snake. http://forum.mg.co.za/showflat.php?Number=1802158810 Extra Example

31. Denotation vs. Connation The denotation of this example is a house. The connotation is a home, a symbol of warmth, comfort and love.

32. Foreshadowing Definition: the use of hints or clues to suggest what will happen later in literature Example

33. Foreshadowing 6 5 Example: In the famous balcony scene of Shakespeare’s “Romeo and Juliet,” Juliet fears for Romeo’s safety. Romeo, however, says that if her family finds him, he would rather die by their hands than die later without Juliet’s love. These statements foreshadow Romeo getting Juliet’s love and dying for it too.

34. Hyperbole Definition: an exaggeration not meant to be taken literally Example

35. Hyperbole 2 Example: My brother eats as much as an elephant. That car moved so quickly it was flying!

36. Imagery Definition: language that evokes one or all five of the senses and intensifies the impact of the work Example

37. Imagery 7 Example: “If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head… And in some perfumes is there more delight / Than in the breath that my mistress reek.” – from Shakespeare’s “Sonnet 130”

38. Irony Definition: an implied discrepancy between what is said and what is meant; includes verbal, dramatic, and situational irony • dramatic: when an audience perceives something the audience doesn’t know • situational: discrepancy between expected results and what actually happens Example

39. Irony 3 4 Example: When Romeo finds Juliet in her death-like sleep, he kills himself. When Juliet awakens and finds him dead, she kills herself. This is dramatic irony. http://www.deathreference.com/Sh-Sy/Shakespeare-William.html

40. Metaphor Definition: comparison of two unlike things without using “like” or “as” Example

41. Metaphor 7 Example: The lyrics and title of “Season of Love” are metaphors. The question of how do you measure a year in the life is “measure in love.” Love, clearly, is no measurement. Life is a made a story, too, with the line, “It’s time now to sing out tho’ the story never ends.”

42. Onomatopoeia Definition: a word that imitates the sound it represents Example

43. Onomatopoeia 3 Example: splash, kerplunk, meow, buzz

44. Oxymoron Definition: combination of two usually contradictory terms Example

45. Oxymoron 1 Example: jumbo shrimp, small crowd, wise fool Extra Example

46. Watch this Schoolhouse Rock video Click on the following link to watch two men from Schoolhouse Rock perform their “Oxymoron Song.” Feel free to watch all of it or only a portion. http://youtube.com/watch?v=4_bfPGHuOu4

47. Paradox Definition: a statement that seems self-contradictory, but in reality, expresses a possible truth Example

48. Paradox 1 Example: Edmund Spenser’s “My Love is Like to Ice” Click here to read the poem

49. Paradox My love is like to ice, and I to fire:How comes it then that this her cold so greatIs not dissolved through my so hot desire, But harder grows the more I her entreat?Or how comes it that my exceeding heatIs not allayed by her heart-frozen cold,But that I burn much more in boiling sweat,And feel my flames augmented manifold?What more miraculous thing may be told, That fire, which all things melts, should harden ice,And ice, which is congeal's with senseless cold,Should kindle fire by wonderful device?Such is the power of love in gentle mind,That it can alter all the course of kind. http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/my-love-is-like-to-ice/

50. Personification Definition: giving human traits, like feelings, actions, or characteristics, to non-living objects or animals Example