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PENNSYLVANIA HISTORY

PENNSYLVANIA HISTORY. PART TWO – REVOLUTION TO CIVIL WAR. PA AND THE RE VOLUTION. Pennsylvania played dominant role in the early development of a new form of government Declaration of Independence approved in Philadelphia Constitutional Convention met in Philadelphia

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PENNSYLVANIA HISTORY

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  1. PENNSYLVANIA HISTORY PART TWO – REVOLUTION TO CIVIL WAR

  2. PA AND THE RE VOLUTION • Pennsylvania played dominant role in the early development of a new form of government • Declaration of Independence approved in Philadelphia • Constitutional Convention met in Philadelphia • During American Revolution, Philadelphia was capital of colonies • Moved to Baltimore, Lancaster and York during war

  3. WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE • PA troops took part in almost all campaigns of the Revolution • British considered Philadelphia key importance and captured it in 1777 • Important PA battles • Brandywine • Germantown • Whitemarsh • Winter at Valley Forge • Dec. 1777 – June 1778 helped reshape army • PA military leaders • Anthony Wayne • Thomas Mifflin • Peter Muhlenberg • Creation of Continental Navy • Ships built in Philadelphia • Manned by PA sailors

  4. ARSENAL OF INDEPENDENCE • Pennsylvania’s farms, factories, and mines were essential to the success of the Revolutionary armies • Cannons, swords and muskets made in Carlisle • State produced gunpowder for troops • Contributed $6 million to Continental Congress • Philadelphia bankers helped supply army when rest of colonies were financially strained

  5. FOUNDING THE COMMONWEALTH • Pennsylvania Revolution • Political changes occurred within the state • Extra-legal committees took control of government in local communities • Called for a convention to create new state constitution • Constitution of 1776 • First state constitution • Created unicameral legislature and executive council (not single governor) • Included a Declaration of Rights used by other states • Constitution of 1790 • Added a second legislative house (State Senate) • One elected governor to head executive branch

  6. FOUNDING A NATION • Articles of Confederation no longer bound the new states together • Constitutional Convention met in Philadelphia in 1787 • PA sent 8 delegates • Gouvernuer Morris spoke more than any other delegate • James Wilson was one of the principal architects of the new Constitution • Pennsylvania convention ratified Constitution on Dec. 12, 1787 making it the second state of the Union

  7. CONSTITUTION OF 1838 • A new convention was called in 1837 to revise the state’s laws and draft a new constitution • The new constitution • Reduced powers of governor • Increased the number of elected offices • Shortened many office terms • Still disenfranchised free African Americans The burning of Pennsylvania Hall in Philadelphia showed the new constitution arrived at a time of hostility towards racial equality. Pennsylvania Hall was a center of reform.

  8. MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR • Pennsylvanians generally supported the annexation of Texas and the war with Mexico that followed • More men enlisted than could be accepted by the armed forces • They were opposed to the expansion of slavery into territory taken from Mexico • David Wilmot became national figure in 1846 • Wilmot Proviso was supported unanimously by the PA Assembly

  9. ANTI-SLAVERY MOVEMENT • Quakers first group to oppose slavery • Slavery in PA gradually disappeared under Gradual Emancipation Act of 1780 • Many Pennsylvanians were opposed to returning fugitive slaves back to their masters • Riots in Christiana, Lancaster County over Federal Fugitive Slave Act • State forbade use of jails to detain fugitive slaves • Term “Underground Railroad” may have originated in PA • Anna Dickenson, Lucretia Mott, and Ann Preston led the PA anti-slavery cause • Thaddeus Stevens was a foe of slavery

  10. INDUSTRY • By 1861, factory system replaced domestic system of home manufacture • By 1860, there were more than 200 textile mills • Most important industry in PA were iron and steel • Half of nation’s iron made in PA • Baldwin Works established in Philadelphia, 1842 • Bethlehem Steel organized in 1862 • William Kelly, Pittsburgh native, regarded as inventor of the Bessemer process of steel production • Leather making, lumbering, shipbuilding, publishing, tobacco, and paper manufacture prospered in PA

  11. TRANSPORTATION • Roads • Original Lancaster Pike connection Philadelphia and Lancaster was completed in 1794 • By 1832, PA led nation in improved roads (more than 3,000 miles) • National or Cumberland Road was major route for western expansion (now Route 40) • Waterways • Most of major cities built along important river routes • Canals began to be built to extend and supplement natural waterways • Vast system called Sate Works of Pennsylvania – connected east and west, but nearly bankrupted state The Lehigh canal

  12. RAILROADS • Rail transport in PA began in 1827 • Connected coal mines with canals and rivers • Major railroads chartered in state • Reading Railroad in 1833 • Lehigh Valley in 1846 • Most important – Pennsylvania RR in 1846 • Absorbed many short railroad lines • By 1860 had monopoly on rail travel from Philadelphia to Chicago Map of Lehigh Valley Railroad

  13. EDUCATION • The Constitution of 1790 provided basis of public education system • Free School Act of 1834 initiated a truly democratic school system • Numerous private and parochial schools supplemented the public system

  14. SCIENCE • Traditions of scientific inquiry established by Ben Franklin and David Rittenhouse continued • Academy of Natural Science founded in 1812 • Franklin Institute established in 1824 • James Woodhouse – pioneer in chemical analysis and plant chemistry

  15. LITERATURE AND THE ARTS • Charles Brockdon Brown of Philadelphia was the first American novelist of distinction • Hugh Henry Brackenridge of Pittsburgh gave American West its first literary work with his satire Modern Chivalry • J.B. Lippincott began to print magazine Saturday Evening Post

  16. ARCHITECTURE • Thomas U. Walter and William Stickland gave PA an important place in architectural history of early 1800s • Walter designed the Capitol dome and Treasury Building in Washington D.C. • Nation’s first institution of art was the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts in 1805 • Artists like Gilbert Stuart, Benjamin West, and the Peale family made Philadelphia famous for art Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts Portrait of John Barry painted by G. Stuart A portrait of the Peale family

  17. THEATER AND MUSIC • Philadelphia was the center of theater in America until 1830 • Philadelphia was a leader in music publishing and piano making • Philadelphia was the birthplace of American opera • William Henry Fry’s Lenora • Songwriter Stephen Foster was born in PA • Wrote songs like “Camptown Ladies” and “Old Folks At Home” William Henry Fry Stephen Foster

  18. RELIGION • Religion flourished in Commonwealth • Led the way to the enlargement of the educational system • Catholicism continued to grow in spite of Kensington riot in 1844 • Churches threw off European ties and established their own governing bodies • 1789 – John Carroll becomes first Catholic bishop in America

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