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BIOMES IN THE OCEAN

BIOMES IN THE OCEAN. LIFE ZONES IN THE OCEAN. HORIZONTAL ZONES EXTENDING FROM LAND OUT TO SEA COASTAL, PELAGIC, NERITIC, OCEANIC VERTICAL ZONES DISTANCE BELOW SEA SURFACE NEUSTIC, EUPHOTIC, APHOTIC BENTHIC ZONE SEA BOTTOM HABITANTS . HORIZONTAL ZONE. COASTAL ZONE (INTERTIDAL)

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BIOMES IN THE OCEAN

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  1. BIOMES IN THE OCEAN

  2. LIFE ZONES IN THE OCEAN • HORIZONTAL ZONES • EXTENDING FROM LAND OUT TO SEA • COASTAL, PELAGIC, NERITIC, OCEANIC • VERTICAL ZONES • DISTANCE BELOW SEA SURFACE • NEUSTIC, EUPHOTIC, APHOTIC • BENTHIC ZONE • SEA BOTTOM HABITANTS

  3. HORIZONTAL ZONE • COASTAL ZONE (INTERTIDAL) • Region where tides expose the sea bottom for some part of the day. Between High Tide and Low Tide. • AKA: Littoral, Nearshore, Intertidal • Organizms adapted to harsh environmental changes

  4. PELAGIC ZONE • LOCATED SEAWARD OF THE COSTAL ZONE’S LOW-TIDE MARK. • CONTAINS VAST OPEN WATER OF THE OCEAN. • TWO SUBDIVISIONS: • NERITIC • OCEANIC

  5. PELAGIC ZONE • NERITIC ZONE • WATER OUTLYING THE CONTINENTAL SHELF • USUALLY EXTEND TO A DEPTH OF 600FT • SUNLIGHT PENETRATES ENTIRE COLUMN • GREATEST DENSITY AND DIVERSITY OF LIFE

  6. PELAGIC ZONE • OCEANIC ZONE • REGION OF THE SEA EXTENDING FROM THE EDGE OF THE CONTINENTAL SHELF, OVER THE CONTINENTAL SLOPE, AND OVER THE OCEAN FLOOR • DARKNESS, HIGH PRESSURES • VERTICAL ZONES ARE SIGNIFICANT HERE

  7. BENTHIC ZONE • THE OCEAN FLOOR • CONTAINS ALL HABITANTS OF THE SEA BOTTOM • COASTAL, CONTINENTAL SHELF, DEEP OCEAN…

  8. VERTICAL ZONES • EPIPELAGIC ZONE • PHOTIC ZONE OR SUNLIGHT ZONE • MESOPELAGIC ZONE • DISPHOTIC ZONE OR TWILIGHT ZONE • BATHYPELAGIC ZONE • APHOTIC ZONE OR MIDNIGHT ZONE • ABYSSOPELAGIC ZONE • APHOTIC ZONE OR MIDNIGHT ZONE • HADOPELAGIC ZONE • APHOTIC ZONE OR MIDNIGHT ZONE

  9. EPIPELAGIC ZONE • PHOTIC ZONE • ENOUGH SUNLIGHT FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS • PRIMARY AREA OF FOOD PRODUCTION • SURFACE TO 200M

  10. MESOPELAGIC ZONE • DISPHOTIC ZONE (DYSPHOTIC) • NOT ENOUGH SUNLIGHT FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS • 200M TO 1000M

  11. MIDNIGHT ZONES • NO SUNLIGHT • 1000M TO BOTTOM (AROUND 11,000M LOWEST) • LOW DENSITY AND DIVERSITY OF LIFE • 1000M – 4000M : BATHYPELAGIC ZONE • 4000M – 6000M : ABYSSOPELAGIC ZONE • 6000M – 11000M : HADOPELAGIC ZONE

  12. LIFESTYLES • 3 BASIC LIFESTYLES • PLANKTON • NEKTON • BENTHOS

  13. PLANKTON • FLOATERS OR VERY POOR SWIMMERS • 2 GROUPS • PHYTOPLANKTON : PRODUCERS, PHOTOSYNTHESIZERS • ZOOPLANKTON : CONSUMERS

  14. PHYTOPLANKTON • MUST LIVE IN PHOTIC ZONE • MOST ABUNDANT IN SHALLOW COASTAL AREAS OR IN UPWELLING ZONES • BASIS OF OCEANIC FOOD CHAIN

  15. PHYTOPLANKTON • CYANOBACTERIA • DIATOMS • COCCOLITHOPHORES • DINOFLAGELLATES

  16. ZOOPLANKTON • FORAMINIFERS • RADIOLARIANS • COMBJELLIES • ANTHROPODS • LARVAE

  17. PLANKTON • MEROPLANKTON • SPEND ONLY PART OF THEIR LIFE CYCLES AS PLANKTON • ARE THE LARVAL STAGES OF ORGANISMS THAT GROW TO BECOME BENTHIC OR NEKTONIC ORGANISMS • HOLOPLANKTON • SPEND THEIR ENTIRE LIFE CYCLES AS PLANKTON

  18. NEKTON • FREE SWIMMERS • MANEUVER ACTIVELY IN WATER COLUMN • FOUND IN THE WATER COLUMN FROM SURFACE TO FLOOR

  19. NEKTON • 5 CATEGORIES • REPTILES • MAMMALS • FISH • ANTHROPODS • MOLLUSKS

  20. NEKTON • MARINE REPTILES • TURTLES • SNAKES • CROCODILES • IGUANAS

  21. NEKTON • MARINE MAMMALS • WHALES • SEALS • OTTERS • MANATEES • DOLPHINS

  22. NEKTON • BONY FISH • TUNA • BARRACUDA • EELS • ANGLER FISH

  23. NEKTON • CARTILAGINOUS FISH • SHARKS • RAYS • SKATES

  24. NEKTON • MARINE ANTHROPODS • SHRIMP • CRABS • LOBSTERS • HORSESHOE CRABS

  25. NEKTON • MOLLUSKS • SQUID • OCTOPI • SNAILS • MUSSELS • CLAMS

  26. BENTHOS • BOTTOM DWELLERS • LIVE ON OR ARE ATTACHED TO BOTTOM • FILTER FEEDERS OR SCAVENGERS • 2 TYPES • SESSILE : LIVE ATTACHED TO BOTTOM • VAGRANT : ABLE TO MOVE

  27. BENTHOS - SESSILE • BARNACLES • SPONGES • CORALS • SEA ANEMONES • OYSTERS • CLAMS • STEAMERS, MMM

  28. BENTHOS - VAGRANT • CRABS • SEA STARS • SEA CUCUMBERS • SEA URCHINS • BRITTLE STARS

  29. SEA LIFE

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