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Kore Modeli: Kore Kalkınma Stratejisi ve Sanayi- İnovasyon Sistem Değerlendirmesi

Kore Modeli: Kore Kalkınma Stratejisi ve Sanayi- İnovasyon Sistem Değerlendirmesi. Mahmut Kiper Başuzman, TTGV İSO 9. Sanayi Kongresi 7 Aralık 2010. Korea Facts &Figures-2009. History.

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Kore Modeli: Kore Kalkınma Stratejisi ve Sanayi- İnovasyon Sistem Değerlendirmesi

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  1. Kore Modeli: Kore Kalkınma Stratejisi ve Sanayi-İnovasyon Sistem Değerlendirmesi Mahmut Kiper Başuzman, TTGV İSO 9. Sanayi Kongresi 7 Aralık 2010

  2. Korea Facts &Figures-2009

  3. History Since theestablishment of the modern republic in 1948, South Koreastruggledwiththeaftermath of Japaneseoccupation (1910-1945), theKoreanWar (1950-1953), anddecades of authoritariangovernments, undergoingfivemajorconstitutionalchanges. Whilethegovernmentofficiallyembraced Western-styledemocracyfromitsfounding, presidentialelectionssufferedfromrampantirregularities. Itwas not until 1987 thatdirectandfairpresidentialelectionswereheld, largelypromptedby popular demonstrations. South Korea has been a vibrantmulti-partydemocracyfortwodecades.

  4. Managerial System • TheRepublic of Korea is a democraticrepublicwithpowerssharedbetweenthepresidentandthelegislature. Thethreeprincipalbranches of governmentare:  Executive - president (chief of state), legislative - unicameralNationalAssembly, andjudicial - ConstitutionalCourt, SupremeCourtandappellatecourts. • South Korea'spresident is electedto a singlefive-yeartermby popular vote. The Prime Minister is appointedHead of Governmentbythepresidentwiththeconsent of theNationalAssembly. Deputy Prime Ministersareappointedbythepresident on recommendation of the Prime Minister. Thepresidentalsoappointsthe 15 to 30 members of the South KoreanCabinet (StateCouncil), each of whomheads a governmentdepartment.

  5. Current Account Balance

  6. Currency Policy • Theexchange rate policies of South Korea — like as other East Asiancountries-havebeen a source of tradetensionwiththe United Statesforseveralyears. • South Korea (upuntilmid-March) haveallowedtheircurrenciestofloatfreely in foreignexchange (forex)marketsoverthelastfewyears • However,Korea— muchlikethe United States — haveintervened in internationalcurrencymarketsiffluctuations in theexchange rate areconsideredtoovolatileandpose a risk tothenation’seconomicwell-being.

  7. AvarageSalary, SavingAttitude,LaborUnion • Avaragesalary: 2.500.000 Won(2200 USD ) • AvarageworkingHour: 42 Hour/week • AvarageSaving rate: 30%(weightedbyreal GDP) • Highdomesticsavingrates (madepossiblehighlevels of domesticinvestment & largecapitaloutflows) • A fewstrikesespeciallyduringeconomicalcriseswithhavinglittleimpact on thestock market or on Koreaneconomy.But, Thestrikes in 1997 sweeped South Koreahavetheirbase in thebigautoplants, thesteelmillsandtheshipyardswhichwastheheart of theKoreaneconomy.

  8. Ref-1:“Models for National Technology & Innovation Capacity Development for Turkey” Project By • KoreaDevelopmentInstitute (KDI) • TechnologyDevelopmentFoundation of Turkey (TTGV) Supportedby • Ministry of StrategyandFinance, Korea • StatePlanningOrganizaton (DPT), Turkey (PublishedtheBookwiththesame name in 2009 http://www.ttgv.org.tr/tr/yenilesim-ve-girisimcilik)

  9. Ref-2:Industrial R&D Policy of Korea ByYong-guen Kim - President of KIAT (KoreanInstituteforAdvancement of Technology) (TAFTIE Annual Seminar 2010, December 2, 2010)

  10. GDP per capita in Turkey and Korea relative to the US, 1950-2007

  11. Employment ratioin Turkey and Korea relative to the US, 1960-2007

  12. Structure of the economy, Turkey and Korea (1962-2005)

  13. Structure of manufacturing industry, Turkey and Korea (1965-1999)

  14. Transformation of the Korea economy

  15. Changes in Export Commodity Profile

  16. Trend of Korea’s R&D Investment

  17. Evolution of R&D System

  18. Evolution of R&D System

  19. S&T has been Presidential agenda

  20. Top 20 Companies in US, Japan and Korea(Business R&D Expenditures in million USD, R&D as % of sales)

  21. Bloomberg Businessweek-Most Innovative Companies 2010

  22. Summary

  23. Roles

  24. SW Analyse

  25. Overall Summary Korean Model; 1st Phase: • Strong in: R&D, Bigfirms, FocusedArea 2nd Phase: • Stillstrong in a.m • Trytobuiltthecapacity in University&Industry linkages, increasehigh-techSMEs

  26. Vision:

  27. 14.2% 13.5% 11.0% 11.4% 10.1% 9.6% 8.6% ’05 ’06 ’07 ’08 ’09 ’10 ’11 Government’s Budget for R&D Government budget 2011 will be amounted to KRW 14.87 Trillion(9.7 Bil. EUR), up by 8.6% compared to 2010 Government’s R&D Budget Trends (EURMil.) Increase in Gov’t R&D Budget 9,706 8,941 8,055 7,230 6,371 5,814 5,090 ’05 ’06 ’07 ’08 ’09 ’10 ’11 28

  28. Korea has the high ratio of R&D investments to GDP R&D costs R&D to GDP (%) Share of private sector (%) (EUR in millions) Korea(2008) US(2008) Japan(2008) Germany(2008) France(2008) UK(2008) China(2008) Changes in R&D Investment • Int’l comparison ofR&D Investment (OECD) 300,683 78.5 74.3 73.3 69.9 112,673 72.6 102,331 63.0 62.0 57,991 32,389 3.37 3.42 29,229 34,202 2.64 2.77 2.02 1.77 1.54

  29. Large companies have mostly led the investments. Since 2000, SMEs have begun to accelerate R&D investments. 13,032.1 12,439.5 5,348.6 4,527.9 Changes in R&D Investment – Private Enterprises (EUR in millions) Large-sized company (300 or more) SME (less than 300) 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009

  30. Government R&D Budget byEach Ministry (‘10) : € 8.9 B (‘11) : € 9.7 B DAPA : 13.6 % for Defense R&D MLTM : 4.1% for Transport and Logistics R&D SMBA : 4.2% for R&D for Small and Medium companies RDA : 3.4% for Rural Development R&D MKE : 30.4% for Industrial Technology Development MEST : 31.9% for Science and Technology R&D MKE : Ministry of Knowledge & Economy MEST : Ministry of Education, Science & Technology DAPA : Defense Acquisition Program Administration MLTM : Ministry of Land, Transport, Maritime Affairs SMBA : Small and Medium Business Administration RDA : Rural Development Administration

  31. Comparison of Main R&D Government Players MKE MEST Support Field Industrial Technology Basic Scientific Research Support Target Enterprises Universities KIAT (Int’l R&D, Infra , Planning for Industrial Tech. Sector) KEIT(National R&D for Industrial Tech. Sector) KETEP( R&D for Energy Sector) Government Affiliated R&D Agencies NRF (Basic Science Research) KIAT (Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology) KEIT (Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology) KETEP (Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning ) NRF (National Research Foundation of Korea )

  32. Researchers, Equipment Bio, Nano, Environment Machinery, Manufacturing Processes 20.8% 11.0% 29.9% Information, Electronics 15.3% 23.0% Aerospace R&D Budget 2010 by Sector

  33. Industrial Technology Level in the World * Scores in reference to 100 points Mechanical& Material Electrical and Electronics ITC Textile & Chemicals

  34. Breakdown by technological area World Market Share of the World Best Items in Korea Display Semiconductor Shipbuilding 46.3 % 11.3 % 51.5 % World No. 1 World No. 1 World No. 3 Weak Industry sector in Korea : Core Technology Material & Component Technology

  35. Yeni Hükümet • Ekonomik büyüme için kapasite oluşturmayı • Dünyanın en iyi iş ortamını sağlamayı hedefliyor.

  36. Bilim ve Teknoloji Politikası • 577 Girişimi • GERD: %5 • 7 odak alanı • Dünyadaki 7 bilim ve teknoloji gücünden biri olma

  37. 577 Girişimi-AR-Ge’yi artırmak • GERD: • 3,23% (2006) => 5% (2012)

  38. 577 Girişimi-AR-Ge’nin verimliliğini artırmak • Ulusal Bilim ve Teknoloji Komitesi • 5 uzman komitesi (Üniversite, Enstitüler ve özel sektör) • Anahtar teknolojiler • Büyük ölçekli teknolojiler • Kamu güdümlü teknolojiler • Yeni teknolojiler • Altyapı teknolojileri • Kurumsal entegrasyon • Düzenlemelerde entegrasyon

  39. 577 Girişimi-Yedi Temel teknoloji alanı • Temel teknolojiler (Kaynak yaratanlar) • Otomobil, gemi inşa, yarı iletken • Yeni gelişen teknolojiler (Yeşil, okyanus) • IT temelli teknolojiler, ilaç ve sağlık teknolojileri • Bilgi tabanlı hizmet teknolojileri • İçerik, lojistik, yayınım • Kamu güdümlü teknolojiler (Büyük bilim) • İnşaat, taşıma, uzay, nükleer

  40. 577 Girişimi-Yedi Temel teknoloji alanı • Ulusal teknolojiler (Risk teknolojileri) • Deli dana, kuş gribi, gıda güvenliği • Küresel teknolojiler (Mega eğilimler) • İklim değişikliği, çevre, gıda • Temel ve yakınsayan teknolojiler (Ulusal platform teknolojileri) • Biyoçip, biyosensör, akıllı robot teknolojileri

  41. 577 Girişimi-Yedi Bilim ve Teknoloji Konusu • Dünya kalitesinde insan kaynağı • Üniversitelerin kalitesinin artırılması • Talebe uygun insan kaynağı • Temel araştırmanın desteklenmesi • Kamu araştırmalarında temel araştırma: %25 (2008) => %50 (2012) • KOBİ’lerde inovasyonu desteklemek • KOSBIR desteklerini artırmak • Yeni teknoloji Start-up firma kurulmasını kolaylaştırmak

  42. 577 Girişimi-Yedi Bilim ve Teknoloji Konusu • Bilim ve Teknolojide küreselleşme • Denizaşırı araştırma laboratuvarlarını artırma • Stratejik ortaklıkları artırma • Bölgesel inovasyon kapasitesini artırma • Bölgesel inovasyon kümeleri oluşturma (Daedeok) • Çevre üniversitelerde araştırmacıları destekleme

  43. 577 Girişimi-Yedi Bilim ve Teknoloji Konusu • Bilim ve teknoloji altyapısının iyileştirilmesi • Ortak kullanım merkezlerinin yaygınlaştırılması • FMH’nın üretimi ve kullanımının sağlanması • Bilim ve Teknoloji kültürünün yaygınlaştırılması • Kore Bilim ve Yaratıcılık Vakfı • Bilim müzeleri • Araştırma etiğinin genişletilmesi

  44. New ApproachforKnowledge(orInnovation ) Economy SomeToolsfor New Approach (fromlinearinnovationsystemtonon-linear) • NIS & RIS Strategies • Clusters • Internationalization • Mode-2 KnowledgeProduction & TripleHelix in University-Industry Link (Technology Transfer Interfaces-Technopark, TTO, Incubator, UIJRC)

  45. Can Korea Achieve This? Phase-1- Conceptualize + Phase-2- Design the structures + Phase-3- Establishment+ Phase-4-Create a critical mass (in progress….)

  46. Some Examples • 400 Incubators, • Several Clusters (Wonju Medical etc.)

  47. DaedeokInnopolis:“ a hopeforKorea”opening a newfuture

  48. Gyeonggi Teknopark

  49. Backgrounds KIAT was recently established in May 2009 as a public institute under the Ministry of Knowledge Economy, according to the government's public institutes advancement plan. It is one of two organizations which were established through the merger of five former R&D financing institutions under Ministry of Knowledge Economy, It has 260 staff and a total budget of € 796 million Former Organizations • Korea Industrial Technology Foundation (KOTEF) • Korea Institute of Industrial Technology Evaluation and Planning (ITEP) • Korea Materials & Components Industry Agency (KMAC) • Korea Technology Transfer Center (KTTC) • Institution for Information Technology Advancement (IITA) Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT) Policy Research, HR Development, International Cooperation, Mid & Long Term Planning for R&D, Commercialization, Regional Innovation Merged into History

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