1 / 21

Geographic Information Systems

Geographic Information Systems. Geography 1050. What is a GIS?. A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a system of computer software, hardware and data, and personnel to help manipulate, analyze and present information that is tied to a spatial location.

vila
Télécharger la présentation

Geographic Information Systems

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Geographic Information Systems Geography 1050

  2. What is a GIS? A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a system of computer software, hardware and data, and personnel to help manipulate, analyze and present information that is tied to a spatial location. • Spatial location: usually a geographic location • System: linking software, hardware, and data • Personnel: a thinking explorer who is key to the power of a GIS

  3. What is a GIS? • A method to visualize, manipulate, analyze, and display spatial data • “Smart Maps” linking a database to a map

  4. Data for GIS Application • Digitized and scanned maps • Databases - table of data • Field sampling • Remote sensing and aerial photographs

  5. A database - not easy to interpret Population density in the US

  6. Visual analysis of data“Picture is worth a thousand words” Population density in the US

  7. Different data layers combine

  8. Maps and databases are “Interactive” GIS User: • asks questions • sorts and combines data • looks for patterns and connection

  9. Two ways to display spatial data • Raster - Grid • “pixels” • a location and value • satellite images and aerial photographs are in this format • Vector - Linear • points, lines, and polygons (shapes) • feature (house, road, lake, etc.) and attributes (size, type, length, etc.)

  10. Some ways Geographic Information Systems are used: • Emergency Services - Fire and Police • Environmental- monitoring and modeling • Business - site location, delivery systems • Industry - transportation, communications, mining, pipelines • Government - local, provincial, federal, military • Education - research, teaching tool, administration

  11. CASE STUDY- GIS and AquacultureSoft-Shell Clam Site Assessment, Burgeo, NL • evaluation of the viability of the soft-shell clam resource • GIS technology was applied to collected data to map and analyze: • physical site characteristics and landuse • water quality • the soft-shell clam resource.

  12. CASE STUDY- GIS and Aquaculture • study area divided in a series of 100 m x 100 m grid cells. • Field survey data included: • clam biology (length and width and weight) • hydrographic data (water depth, current speed and direction, bottom substrate, tidal data, rainfall), • water quality data (fecal coliform, salinity, temperature) • land use data (cottage locations).

  13. Study area, survey grid and water monitoring locations CASE STUDY- GIS and Aquaculture

  14. Water Quality CASE STUDY- GIS and Aquaculture • Contamination by fecal coliform a concern becaue of nearby cottages • If density exceeds 13.99MPN/100ml harvesting in the area is not permitted • During the majority of the sampling period the densities were at 1.9 MPN/100ml • Following extended rainfall event the fecal coliform densities ranged from 17 to 920 MPN/100ml

  15. CASE STUDY- GIS and AquacultureWater Quality: Time Series maps of fecal coliform

  16. CASE STUDY- GIS and Aquaculture Water Quality • Clams need salinities of at least 5 parts per thousand (ppt) to survive • Salinity in study area fell below 5ppt during rainfall event • Fecal coliform densities and salinities returned to normal more quickly in Big Barasway than in Indian Hole and Little Barasway • Big Barasway flushes faster and therefore this area could be seeded with clams from Indian Hole and Little Barasway

  17. CASE STUDY- GIS and Aquaculture Soft-Shell Clam Database and Aquaculture Management • Clam densities of different size classes for each grid cell were calculated and mapped • Recruit class (clams with a length between 50 and 63.5mm) represents the market clam population • A grid cell is economically viable only if the recruit clam density is $10/m sq.

  18. CASE STUDY- GIS and AquacultureSoft-Shell Clam Database

  19. CASE STUDY- GIS and Aquaculture Aquaculture Management • Mature clam densities of 161 to 269/m sq. are acceptable for good growth • Densities higher than 269/m sq. can impede growth because of competition for food and space • When the density of mature clams exceeds 269/m sq. the area should be culled

  20. CASE STUDY- GIS and Aquaculture Harvesting Plan • GIS is able to identify areas of no harvesting, harvesting only, culling only, and combined harvesting and culling. • Criteria for harvesting: • density of recruit clams > 10/m sq. • Criteria for culling: • density of mature clams > 269/m sq.

  21. CASE STUDY- GIS and Aquaculture Harvesting Plan

More Related