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OBTRUSIVE LIGHTING

OBTRUSIVE LIGHTING. Upward reflected light. Upward direct light. Obtrusive light. Direct glare. R-TECH 1. Definitions. SKY GLOW. SPILL LIGHT. Area to be lit. Three phenomena are related to light control of luminaires and their installation.  Glare.  Obtrusive light.

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OBTRUSIVE LIGHTING

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  1. OBTRUSIVE LIGHTING

  2. Upward reflected light Upward direct light Obtrusive light Direct glare R-TECH 1 Definitions SKY GLOW SPILL LIGHT Area to be lit

  3. Three phenomena are related to light control of luminaires and their installation  Glare  Obtrusive light  Sky glow All are the result of waste of energy

  4. Glare the most critical problem As it has to do with safety of drivers and pedestrians  Threshold Increment TI limitation for road lighting  Glare Rating GR limitation for large area

  5. Lv E K and  10% or 15% TI = 65 Lv = LR0.8 2 Disability glare - TI (CIE 140) E  1°

  6. Glare Rating - GR (CIE 112) GR = 27 + 24 lg (Lvl / Lve0.9) With Lvl = veiling luminance produced by luminaires Lve = veiling luminance produced by environment and Lve = 0.0355 Lav with Lav = EH.  

  7. Glare Rating limitation

  8. Glare control Calculation of TI or GR At design stage : Cannot be measured On site :

  9. Obtrusive light Light falling out of the area of interest , causing disturbances or reducing confort By – over lighting – stray light – bad wave length

  10. CIE zoning system (CIE Nr. 126)

  11. CIE zoning systemApplication of CIE Nr. 150

  12. CIE zoning system Maximum values of EV on properties - CIE 150

  13. CIE zoning system Maximum values of I (cd) in specific directions - CIE 150

  14. CIE zoning system Limitation of effects on transport system - CIE 150

  15. CIE zoning system EAV x   EAV x   Limitation of effects on over lit building and signs CIE 150 or LAV

  16. SKY GLOW Definition : Brightening of night sky resulting from reflection of radiations scattered from the constituents of the atmosphere in direction of observation

  17. Sky glow Sky glow SKY GLOW

  18. SKY GLOW Many factors contribute to sky glow - Artificial lighting installations  direct upward light  upward reflected light - Headlights of vehicules - Atmosphere pollution - Atmosphere humidity - Clouds - Radiation from celestian sources

  19. SKY GLOW Stray light due to artificial lighting •  advertising signs ; •  area lighting of sales areas, parking lots, etc.. • floodlighting of buildings, discos and monuments • lighting of billoards ; • lighting of greenhouses ; • lighting of industrial site, airports and buiding sites • lighting of sports facilites • road and street lighting

  20. SKY GLOW First approach : CIE 126 (1997)

  21. SKY GLOW CIE Zoning system - CIE 126

  22. SKY GLOW Minimum distance (in km) between zone borderlines and ref. point

  23. ULOR = % of flux of the lamp(s) of a luminaire above horizontal DLOR = % of flux of the lamp(s) of a luminaire below horizontal Definitions  = DLOR + ULOR

  24. ULR = % of flux of a luminaire above horizontal UWLR ULOR inst ULOR ULR = DLOR + ULOR Definitions

  25. CIE recommandation for thelimitation of sky glow

  26. Sky glow limitation Second (our) approach : Limitation of UPF ( UPward Flux )

  27. ULOR DLOR (DLOR-K) K r2 r2 r1 Where h = ULOR + DLOR, i.e.  h = ULOR + K + (DLOR-K)

  28. Then, Fupwards (potential)= Flamp x % of rays going upwards REFLECTION ON THE ROAD REFLECTION ON SURROUNDINGS FLUX OF THE LAMP DIRECT FLUX UPWARDS

  29. Depends on : E resquested by standards S surface to be lit : political decision These are the luminaire features, where we can have a say The nature of the surfaces to be lit and the surroundings: we have very little influence on this choice

  30. How can we influence the Fupwards (potential) ? Finding the good compromise between:  Reducing ULOR  Increasing K (as close as possible to DLOR)  Optimizing the E/L ratio for road lighting installations Getting the best possible photometry But being aware that there is no magic recipe (due to the uncertainty on the surfaces reflection properties, especially on the surroundings’)

  31. USE OF FLAT GLASS IS WIDELY ACCEPTED BY ASTRONOMERS Road lighting applications In many occasions, low depth glasses (Onyx, Saphir and MC low deeps, Image,…) are the best photometrical compromiseBut flat glasses are good enough a lot of times too and... But we must not forget that for some r, deep protectors (that have higher ULOR) and even refractors are a less “polluting” solution than the others!!!

  32.  High pollution

  33. Curved glass protector is often the best solution Reducing ULOR Flat glass at 0°?

  34.       <70° 70° Recommendations for other installation Do not “over” light  Direct light downwards  Keep beam below 70°  Take care with location and height of poles

  35. Use of narrow beam floodlight possible Lower aiming possible (a) Higher mounting heights – less spill and glare Use of wider beam floodlight may be necessary Higher aiming necessary (b) Lower mounting heights – more spill light and glare

  36. Use asymetric light distribution Floodlighting

  37. Louvers and shades to be used adequately Focal Neos 3 Citea

  38. Recommendations for all lighting installations Use high IP luminaires Realise the most efficient lighting solution in long term condition

  39. Thank you for your attention

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