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TRANSGENIC CROPS: RISKS, CONCERNS AND BENEFITS

TRANSGENIC CROPS: RISKS, CONCERNS AND BENEFITS. Sarah Ward Colorado State University. TRANSGENIC CROPS CAN CONTAIN GENETIC CONSTRUCTS FROM ANY SOURCE. Technology allows movement of genes across species barriers. HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER.

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TRANSGENIC CROPS: RISKS, CONCERNS AND BENEFITS

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  1. TRANSGENIC CROPS: RISKS, CONCERNS AND BENEFITS Sarah Ward Colorado State University

  2. TRANSGENIC CROPS CAN CONTAIN GENETIC CONSTRUCTS FROM ANY SOURCE • Technology allows movement of genes across species barriers

  3. HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER • Movement of inserted DNA from transgenic crop to other species

  4. TRANSFER OF TRANSGENE • Crop-weed transfer of herbicide resistance genes • Transfer of glyphosate resistance • Wheat to jointed goatgrass • Canola to wild mustards

  5. TRANSFER OF OTHER PARTS OF CONSTRUCT • Transfer of antibiotic marker genes to pathogenic bacteria • Transfer of promoter sequences such as CMV promoter

  6. GENETIC TRESPASS • Cross-pollination of non-transgenic plants by pollen from GM crops • Contamination of organic and conventional crops • Gene escape into wild plant populations

  7. TOXICITY OF GM FOODS TO HUMANS • Known allergenicity of brazil nut transgene in soybeans • Cry9C protein in Starlink corn? • Should foods containing GM crop products be labelled? • Can GM and non-GM products be kept separate?

  8. EFFECTS ON NON-TARGET ORGANISMS • Does pollen from Bt corn threaten Monarch butterfly larvae? • Aphids which have fed on Bt crops may affect ladybugs

  9. GENETIC EROSION • Widespread planting of transgenic crops may cause loss of other varieties?

  10. CORPORATE CONTROL • Will agricultural production be controlled by a few large corporations?

  11. BENEFITS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES • How can poor countries afford transgenic technology? • Will corporations holding patents make technology available? • Do current areas of transgenic research and development aid small farmers?

  12. IS TRANSGENIC TECHNOLOGY UNETHICAL? • Some consider altering plant genomes to be “playing God” and morally unacceptable

  13. NEXT GENERATION OF TRANSGENIC CROPS • Plant-based vaccines • Enhanced nutritional content • Functional foods and phytoceuticals • Plant-derived plastics and polymers • Transgenic plants for phytoremediation

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