THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION OF SOLID FUELS – Processes of pyrolysis, gasification and combustion of biomass an wastes.

1. EXCELLENCE CENTER THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION OF SOLID FUELS – Processes of pyrolysis, gasification and combustionof biomass an wastes. WORKGROUP 2 Pyrolysis for solid products WORKGROUP leader Aleksander Sobolewski Ph.D.

2. Scope of activity Processes for upgrading solid products by pyrolysis: • Development and implementation of ecologically safe and effective technologies of waste plastics and waste tyres utilisation, • Implementing of adsorption technologies for „end-of-pipe” cleaning of industrial gases and wastewater, • Development of technologies for activated carbon production and regeneration, • Development of gas cleaning technology (tar removal).

3. Professionals • Aleksander Sobolewski Ph.D. - WG 2 leader • Zbigniew Robak Ph.D. - Carbochemistry (pyrolysis) • Monika Kosewska M.Sc. - Chemistry (pyrolysis) • Bogumiła Latkowska M.Sc. - Designing (gas cleaning) • Sławomir Stelmach M.Sc. - Chemical engineering (adsorption) • Henryk Fitko M. Sc. - Process engineering • Ryszard Wasielewski M.Sc. - Carbochemistry (waste processing) • Rafał Bigda M.Sc. - Chemistry

4. WG 2 - equipment Pyrolysis testing stand: • type: fix-bed • charge: ~5kg/test • temperature: up to 1000oC • atmosphere: N2 or combustion gases • heat exchange: direct or indirect • heating: electrical (2 zones) • control: automatictemperature • regulation

5. WG 2 - equipment Gasification testing stand: • type: fix-bed • charge: ~1kg/test • temperature: up to 1100oC • reaction agents: CO2, H2O, air • heat exchange: indirect • heating: electrical (1 zone) • control: manual temperature • regulation

6. Testing Temperature profile in standard pyrolysis tests: Test conditions: • charge:~3kg/test • final temperature:450-700oC • testing time: up to 120 min • analysis of solid product • analysis of gaseous products

7. THERMAL PROCESSING OF WASTE PLASTICS RAW MATERIAL PROCESS PRODUCT Product is a full value solid fuel. THERMOLYSIS Karboterm Two stage process WP/bitum ratio : 4 / 1 Temp. : 350oC Time: 60 min Ash : 10 % Heating value : 30000 kJ/kg Sulfur : < 0,8 % Chlorine : < 0,2 % 100.000 Mg of wasteplastics per year in Poland Composition Description: Prepared waste plastics are thermally processed with an addition of carbo- or petrochemical bitumens. The reduction of volatile hydrocarbons and elimination of chlorine from polymer decay are characteristic for the process. Hot liquid semi-product is cooled by mixing with a grained hard coal. Product application: Karboterm is a full value component for a coal blend in coking plants or a fuel in power plants with a grained hard coal.

8. THERMAL PROCESSING OF WASTE TYRES RAW MATERIAL PROCESS PRODUCT Thermal treatment of waste rubber shreds includs two following processes Final products properties are comparable to commercial powder activated carbon used in adsorptive gas cleaning Char PYROLYSIS 150.000 Mg of used tyres per year in Poland Ash : 11,6 % Methylene blue number : 3 cm3/g Jodine number : 160 mg /g BET (nitrogen) : 80-110 m2/g Temp. : 600 oC Time: 120 min Activated carbon Properties ACTIVATION Particle size : 3-10 mm Moisture : 1,2 % Ash : 5,5 % Volatile matter : 68,6 % Fixed carbon : 24,7 % Ash : 14,7 % Methylene blue number : 25 cm3/g Jodine number : 670 mg /g BET (nitrogen) : 623 m2/g Temp. : 850 oC Time: 45 min Activation agent : steam Product application: Adsorptive clean-up of flue gases from municipal wastes incineration plants. .

9. THERMAL TREATMENT OF SEWAGE SLUDGE RAW MATERIAL PROCESS PRODUCT Treatment of sewage sludge includs two following processes: Char PRETREATMENT Ash : 40-70 % BET (nitrogen) : 80-110 m2/g 360.000 Mg of municipal, 700.000 Mg of industrial sewage sludge per year in Poland Drying & Peletizing Temp. : 70oC Time: 10-15 min Sewage sludge properties • Product application: • Dry granuled sludge: • Gardening fertylizer • Coking blend component • Char: • Adsorptive clean-up of flue gases, • Improvement agent for biological treatment of wastewater. PYROLYSIS wet dry Organic matter 15 % 52 % Ash: 10 % 38 % Moisture: 75 % 10 % Particle size - 2-10 mm Temp. : 400-700 oC Time: 120 min

10. Conference cycle : „Thermochemical conversion of biomass and wastes” Task 1.2 „Properties and application of biomass and waste pyrolysis products” Scope: • Examination of the properties of solid products from biomass and wastes pyrolysis, • Copyrolysis of biomass and wastes with fossil fuels, • Adsorptive properties of solid products from biomass and wastes pyrolysis, • Refining of pyrolysis products (carbon black, carbonising and reducting agents, catalyst carriers, binders, filling materials for plastic and rubber). Speakers: DMT(D), CPM(F), CSIC(ES), IUT(F).

11. Twinnings Task 3.4 Co-operation with research centres from Germany and France in the field of biomass and industrial waste pyrolysis and of effective using refined pyrolysis products in the environmental protection processes. Partners: DMT - Deutsche Montan Technologie GmbH (Germany) CPM – Centre de Pyrolyse de Marienau (France) Activities: • commonly co-ordinated research projects with DMT and CPM in the field of refining solid products of biomass and waste pyrolysis, • young researcher intership in DMT : using and refining of pyrolysis products, • young researcher intership in CPM : indirect and direct pyrolysis.

12. Twinnings Task 3.5 Co-operation with research center from Spain in the field of biomass and industrial waste pyrolysis especially effective using of refined pyrolysis products. Partner: CSIC – Instituto de Carboquimica (Spain) Activities: • commonly co-ordinated research projects with CSIC in the field of refining solid products of biomass and waste pyrolysis (carbon black, carburizing and reducting agents, binders, filling material for rubber), • young researcher intership in CSIC : using of pyrolytic char for carbon black production and filling material for rubber industry.

13. Competence evaluation: very good Competence evaluation: excellent WG 2 – Competence: • Today : • Our technological knowledge (pyrolysis and gasification), • Experience of solid wastes processing, • Our existing databases. • Tomorrow : • Cooperation with European centres in the field of biomass and waste processing, • New processes for effective waste utilization (hydrogen, methanol), • Development of existing databases.