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Knowledge and semantic technologies

7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government: Building Trust in Government 26 – 29 June 2007 Vienna, Austria. Knowledge and semantic technologies. for agile and adaptive e-government. Prof. Gregoris Mentzas Director, Information Management Unit, http://www.imu.iccs.gr

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Knowledge and semantic technologies

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  1. 7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government: Building Trust in Government 26 – 29 June 2007 Vienna, Austria Knowledge and semantic technologies for agile and adaptive e-government Prof. Gregoris Mentzas Director, Information Management Unit, http://www.imu.iccs.gr Institute of Communication and Computer Systems National Technical University of Athens

  2. Overview of Presentation (1) 2 3 KM and E-Government Agile and Adaptive E-Government Semantic Technologies 4 1 Conclusions

  3. Data, Information and Knowledge Experience Skills Insights • Static • Independent of individual • Explicit • Digital • Easy to duplicate • Easy to broadcast • Meaningless Context Data Information Knowledge • Dynamic • Dependent on individual • Tacit • Analogue • Must be recreated • Face-to-face • Meaningful Access Assess Action Prof. G. Mentzas 7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government, 26–29.06.07 3

  4. Organisational Knowledge is ... • capability for effective action FROM knowledge that is: • fragmented & dispersed • difficult to locate & share • redundant & inconsistent TO knowledge that: • solves business problems • produces organisational value • enhances competitiveness Prof. G. Mentzas 7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government, 26–29.06.07 4

  5. Where is organisational knowledge found? Organisational knowledge is created by individuals and is embedded / embodied in: People Systems Networks Processes • Training • Documentation • Databases • Expert Systems • Formal • Informal • Policies • Procedures Prof. G. Mentzas 7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government, 26–29.06.07 5

  6. Has been compared to OR! The tools and the fusion are NEW! Not just water-cooler discussions, but planned ICT, processes & behaviours Teams and communities are indispensable! Reuse corporate knowledge Improve employee skills Marshall knowledge to respond to threats and opportunities Create and share new ideas What is KM? Organisational Knowledge Management is the newdiscipline of enabling individuals, teams and entire organisations to collectively and systematically create, share and apply organisational knowledge to better achieve organisational efficiency, responsiveness, competency and innovation Prof. G. Mentzas 7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government, 26–29.06.07 6

  7. Importance of KM in e-government • Wealth of knowledgein Public Administrations • knowledge on the environment, on social welfare, on politics and strategies, on judicial decisions, on practices, etc • Public Administrations as huge knowledge-intensive organisations • since they are collecting and processing data, information and knowledge about citizens, companies and other PAs • KM challengesfor public administrators • find successful ways for capturing, organising, sharing, distributing and exploiting the public administrations’ knowledge Prof. G. Mentzas 7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government, 26–29.06.07 7

  8. E-Citizens and Businesses Adaptive e-Gov Services People Systems Networks Processes Agile knowledge infrastructure Managing knowledge for e-government Prof. G. Mentzas 7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government, 26–29.06.07 8

  9. Overview of Presentation (2) 2 3 KM and E-Government Agile and Adaptive E-Government Semantic Technologies 4 1 Conclusions

  10. The Semantic Web • „The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in co-operation.“ • [Berners-Lee et al., 2001] Prof. G. Mentzas 7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government, 26–29.06.07 10

  11. Central Semantic Web concepts • Meta-data describe structured and unstructured data & information • Meta-data are added to Web sites as annotations • Annotations refer to generelly accepted ontologies • Ontologies describe • the kinds of objects, as well as certain instances • the attributes of objects and • the relationships between objects as well as • the regularitities (axioms, integrity constraints, background knowledge) • in a defined part of the world • represented in a standardised, machine-understandable language (RDF, RDF(S), OWL) • after a group of actors has agreed on this conceptualization Prof. G. Mentzas 7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government, 26–29.06.07 11

  12. Instance-of Instance-of <swrc:Controller rdf:ID="person_chala"> <swrc:name>Christos Halaris</swrc:name> ... </swrc:Controller> <swrc:Manager rdf:ID="person_dapost"> <swrc:name>Dimitris Apostolou </swrc:name> ... </swrc:Manager> Anno- tation <swrc:cooperatesWith rdf:resource = "http://www.imu.iccs.gr/index.php? option=com_content&task=view&id=64 #person_dapost"/> cooperatesWith Web Page URL http://www.imu.iccs.gr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=63 http://www.imu.iccs.gr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=64 cooperatesWith Ontology rdf:hasDomain rdf:hasRange Person rdf:subClass rdf:subClass Controller Manager Linked Objects: • Links have explicit meaning Prof. G. Mentzas 7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government, 26–29.06.07 12

  13. Riding the Semantic Wave Prof. G. Mentzas 7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government, 26–29.06.07 13

  14. Commercial interest in Web 3.0 — or the “semantic web” — is only now emerging • Entrepreneurs See a Web Guided by Common Sense, John Markoff, November 12, 2006 • The next big thing in data management takes skill, time, and experience. These tips should help you get the most out of the Semantic Web • The Future of the Web, Rachael King, April 2007 • Major companies are joining the semantic wave Slide from Mils Davis Commercial interest is emerging… Prof. G. Mentzas 7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government, 26–29.06.07 14

  15. "Products with evolutionary vocabularies (ontologies) will win out.[...] Ontology-aware software agents will succeed -- others will age rapidly. ” “By 2010, ontologies using strong knowledge representations will be the basis for 80 percent of application integration projects (0.8 probability).” “The Semantic Web .... will allow much better search, information access and data interoperability ” Consultants Confirm the Trend Prof. G. Mentzas 7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government, 26–29.06.07 15

  16. But… still many open issues • Economic aspects of semantic applications • Ontology and metadata creation methods, tools, ergonomics, and reuse • Ontology and metadata quality • Ontology evolution in practice • Tool functionality and quality • Reference ontologies and reference architectures • Relationship between semantic applications and legacy • Explanations and user acceptance of inferencing • ... Prof. G. Mentzas 7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government, 26–29.06.07 16

  17. Overview of Presentation (3) 2 3 KM and E-Government Agile and Adaptive E-Government Semantic Technologies 4 1 Conclusions

  18. E-Citizens and Businesses Adaptive e-Gov Services Agile knowledge infrastructure Semantic technologies for agile e-government Prof. G. Mentzas 7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government, 26–29.06.07 18

  19. Going from the current situation… • “We live in an age of information overload, where attention has become the most valuable business currency.” • T. Davenport and J. Beck: “The Attention Economy: Understanding the New Currency of Business” Prof. G. Mentzas 7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government, 26–29.06.07 19

  20. … to semantic agile e-government • Assist the KW in daily knowledge–based tasks • Support information sharing • Enhance collaboration • Transfer changes according to his preferences Documents Attention Collaboration Prof. G. Mentzas 7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government, 26–29.06.07 20

  21. Information ontology New discussions New knowledge items relevant for the current task New documents New comments New versions of documents attention changes Change propagation Change representation Preference ontology Change ontology From change to attention management • Components of the AMS: • preference editor • preferences are defined wrt. the changes in the knowledge sources • aggregating & scoring module • that enables the combination of the preferences from several sources • query interface • that enables querying the repository Prof. G. Mentzas 7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government, 26–29.06.07 21

  22. E-Citizens and Businesses Adaptive e-Gov Services Agile knowledge infrastructure Semantic technologies for adaptive services Prof. G. Mentzas 7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government, 26–29.06.07 22

  23. E-government service delivery problems • Lost-in-hyperspace problem • In the rich link structure of a portal, users can easily get overwhelmed and become unable to navigate effectively • One-size-fits-all problem • Websites provide (from the user’s point of view) relatively static content and are viewed by diverse users. This may: • cause difficulty for those who have less background • be redundant for those who already know the information • be uninteresting for others Prof. G. Mentzas 7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government, 26–29.06.07 23

  24. „customize workflow execution: If the user is from this group, then present more information“ data about users‘ behaviour usage in on-line services e.g. „problems in filling-up a form“ information enriched with eGovernement context knowledge about users‘ preferences „there is a group of users (low language skills) which need more information about the issuing licences“ “problems in filling-up a form in the process of issuing a driving license for foreigners, by some users” Semantics for adaptive e-government services Prof. G. Mentzas 7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government, 26–29.06.07 24

  25. Overview of Presentation (4) 2 3 KM and E-Government Agile and Adaptive E-Government Semantic Technologies 4 1 Conclusions

  26. Pilot applications of research prototypes Agile knowledge-based e-government: Poland Urzad Miasta Czestochowa – the City Hall of Czestochowa Slovakia City ward Kosice Hungary Ministry of Informatics and Communication Adaptive e-government services: Greece Ministry of Interior, General Secretariat of Public Administration Austria City of Voecklabruck Serbia Ministry of Science And Environmental Protection Prof. G. Mentzas 7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government, 26–29.06.07 26

  27. Events on KM and Semantics in eGovernment • 1st International Symposium on the Semantic Web and eGovernment, 2006 AAAI Spring Symposium Series, Stanford University, USA, March 27-29, 2006 • http://www.imu.iccs.gr/sweg/ • Workshop on Semantic Web for eGovernment, within the 2006 European Semantic Web Conference, Budva, Montenegro, 11-14 June, 2006 • http://www.imu.iccs.gr/semgov/ • Workshop on Future eGovernment Research, Helsinki, IST 2006 Conference, 22 November 2006 • http://www.imu.iccs.gr/events/future-egov/ • Workshop on Knowledge and Semantic Technologies for e-Participation, Athens, Greece, 5 December, 2006 • http://www.imu.iccs.gr/events/kmworkshop/ Prof. G. Mentzas 7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government, 26–29.06.07 27

  28. Applicability of Semantics to e-Government • Many parts of the e-gov domain are relatively formal • by their very nature • There are many (inevitable) aspects of heterogeneity • But also: enormous potentials by information integration • Many parts of the „business“ have to be compliant to regulations and laws • Additional aspect: privacy! • Many aspects are pure „knowledge work“ Prof. G. Mentzas 7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government, 26–29.06.07 28

  29. Key issues to be considered • Knowledge Management should be holistic • It fuses: • people and culture issues • intra- or inter-organisational business processes • IT tools • Knowledge Management is a means to an end • not an end in itself • The end is performing work better, faster and smarter • Knowledge cannotbe managed • only its environment can be managed! Prof. G. Mentzas 7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government, 26–29.06.07 29

  30. Thank you! Prof. Gregoris Mentzas Information Management Unit (IMU) Institute of Communication and Computer Systems (ICCS) National Technical University of Athens(NTUA) http://www.imu.iccs.gr with contributions from Andreas Abecker, Nenad Stojanovic and Ljiljana Stojanovic (FZI, Germany), Dimitris Apostolou and Spyros Dioudis (ICCS, NTUA)

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