“ Opening Up the Textbook ” (OUT) Lesson

1. “Opening Up the Textbook” (OUT) Lesson Juxtapose a short excerpt from a textbook with additional documents. Six ways to “open up the textbook” 1. Comparison (comparing two textbook accounts, e.g., U.S. to non-U.S.; old to new)2. Direct Challenge (using primary documents to challenge textbook facts or interpretation)3. Narrativization (where does a textbook begin to tell the story, where does it end it?)4. Articulating Silences (who is left out of the textbook's narrative; bringing in voices of the silenced; bringing to the surface issues of narrative choice)5. Vivification (breathing life into a text that only mentions, or omits)6. Close reading (careful, attentive focus on word choice, including adjectives, titles, and the like)

2. Comparison OUT Lesson Inquiry Question: Who was at fault for the prolonged hostage crisis in Iran? • Make preliminary hypothesis • Read American textbook excerpt • Make revised hypothesis • Read Iranian textbook excerpt • Make revised hypothesis

3. Direct Challenge OUT Lesson Inquiry Question: Who was responsible for the Battle of the Little Bighorn? • Make preliminary hypothesis • Read a textbook version of the battle • Make revised hypothesis • Read a letter to the President from the Secretary of War a month after the battle • Make revised hypothesis • Read the recollections of a Native American woman about the battle from 1922 • Make revised hypothesis

4. Narrativization OUT Lesson Inquiry Question: Was the Monroe Doctrine beneficial for Latin America? • Make preliminary hypothesis • Read 1873 textbook excerpt • Make revised hypothesis • Read 1930 textbook excerpt • Make revised hypothesis • Read 1970 textbook excerpt • Make revised hypothesis *Use Not Written in Stone book to assist you in creating this type of OUT lesson

5. Vivification OUT Lesson Inquiry Question: How and why did the United States fight the Cold War in Guatemala? • Make preliminary hypothesis • Read modern textbook excerpt • Make revised hypothesis • Read declassified CIA documents • Make revised hypothesis

6. Close Reading OUT Lesson Ideas: Compare textbook treatments of Mormons, Native Americans, African Americans across time. *Use Not Written in Stone book to assist you in creating this type of OUT lesson

7. Articulating Silences OUT Lesson Inquiry Question Who was responsible for the My Lai Massacre?

8. Textbook Account Who wrote this textbook selection? What do you know about these people? Whose voice is missing from this account?

9. Missing Voices • Lt. William Calley • Other American Soldiers at My Lai • Citizens of My Lai • American Public

10. Read each source……record conclusions

11. Assessment Rewrite the textbook selection.

12. Please fill out evaluations!