Chapter 13 – Urban America

1. Chapter 13 – Urban America Test Review

2. Vocabulary Review • was a philosophy that believed wealthy Americans bore the responsibility of using their fortunes to further social progress. • Social Darwinism • Realism • Gospel of Wealth • Individualism

3. Immigrant children became knowledgeable about American culture at public schools—a process known as . • Americanization. • nativism. • Social Darwinism. • individualism.

4. The rapid increase in the money supply without an increase in the amount of goods for sale caused, or the decline in the value of money. • goldbugs • silverites • deflation • inflation

5. The was an informal political group that provided services in return for votes and political power. • party bosses • political machine • Populists • Grange

6. The was one method of segregation used in the South after the Civil War. • cooperative • poll tax • tenement • graft

7. Reviewing Main Ideas Section 1 (pgs. 442-447) • In the late nineteenth century, many labor unions opposed immigration, arguing that immigrants. • would work for higher wages. • eased financial drains on social services. • assimilated into American culture. • would accept jobs as strikebreakers.

8. Section 1 (pgs. 442-447) • What was the major reason for Chinese immigration to the United States in the early nineteenth century?. • Many Chinese were escaping severe unemployment and famine. • Many Chinese were escaping religious persecution. • Many Chinese left to avoid required military service. • Many Chinese left to escape the class system and move up the social ladder.

9. Section 2 (pgs. 450-455) • Working class individuals residing in cities usually lived. • in the streetcar suburbs. • in tenements. • in fashionable downtown districts. • away from the central city.

10. Section 2 (pgs. 450-455) • Who was the leader of Tammany Hall during the 1860s and 1870s?. • Thomas Nast • James Pendergast • William Tweed • Thomas Pendergast

11. Section 3 (pgs. 458-467) • The nineteenth-century philosophy of Social Darwinism maintained that. • the government should have control over the means of production and the marketplace. • all social class distinctions in American society should be eliminated. • economic success comes to those who are the hardest working and most competent. • wealth and income should be more equally distributed.

12. Section 3 (pgs. 458-467) • The Interstate Commerce Act (1887) was designed to regulate interstate commerce by requiring. • railroads to increase rebates to high-volume users. • railroads to charge higher rates for short hauls. • states to regulate interstate railroad traffic. • the federal government to regulate railroad rates.

13. Section 4 (pgs. 470-475) • Populists supported federal ownership of railroads because they thought the government would . • increase access to railroads in rural areas. • make the trains run on time. • manage the railroads in the public interest. • collect enough revenue to allow it to eliminate the graduated income tax.

14. Section 5 (pgs. 476-481) • The ruling from Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) was based on the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the . • necessary and proper clause from Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution. • free speech provision of the First Amendment. • equal protection clause of the in the Fourteenth Amendment. • voting rights provision in the Fifteenth Amendment.

15. Critical Thinking Directions: Choose the BEST answer. • In 1890 the Populists formed the People’s Party and supported . • the subtreasury plan where farmers could store crops in warehouses to force prices up. • limited governmental regulations for the railroad companies. • the election of senators by state legislatures. • the free coinage of gold.

16. Use the chart, and the information from Chapter 13 to answer question 15. • What happened to crop pricesbetween 1870 & 1880? • The price of cotton increased as the price of wheat and corn decreased. • The price of wheat, corn, and cotton increased. • The price of cotton, wheat, and corn stayed the same after initial increase. • The price of wheat significantly decreased as the price of cotton decreased steadily.

17. Directions: Choose the BEST answer. • Which of the following is associated with The Gospel of Wealth? • survival of the fittest • laissez-faire • unregulated competition • philanthrophy

18. Analyze the cartoon and answer the questions that follow. 19 20

19. Directions: Choose the BEST answer. • What does the cartoon express about immigrants coming to the United States?. • Immigrants were welcome in the United States. • Immigrants had to pass by dogs to gain entry. • Anarchists, Socialists, and Communists were welcome. • Anarchists, Socialists, and Communists were not welcome. Picture

20. Directions: Choose the BEST answer. • The “new immigrants” to the United States between 1890 and 1915 came primarily from . • southern and eastern Europe. • northern and western Europe. • East Asia. • Latin America.

21. Document-Based Questions Directions: Analyze the document and answer the questions that follow. 22 23

22. Directions: Choose the BEST answer. • According to the editorial, what effect did immigration have on the nation’s economy? • It had a positive effect by increasing prosperity for ocean steamers, railroads, and manufacturing. • It had a negative impact decreasing prosperity for ocean steamers, railroads, and manufacturing. • It did not impact the prosperity of the nation’s economy at all. • None of these. Document

23. Directions: Choose the BEST answer. • How is the editorial’s view of the effects of immigration different from that of the nativists? • The editorial views immigration in a negative light focusing on the economic drawbacks, while nativists viewed immigration positively due to the benefits they felt immigrants brought. • The editorial views immigration in a positive light focusing on the economic benefits, while nativists viewed immigration negatively due to the cultural and economic threats they felt immigrants brought. • Depending on who you ask, both A and B. • Neither A nor B. Document

24. Essay Questions Answer two (2) of the following questions completely and accurately. (Use textbook, notes, etc. to get information) • Describe the reasons why Europeans immigrated to the United States in the late 1800s. • Define “deflation” and explain why it hurts farmers. • Describe the problems of urban living in the late 1800s, and explain their causes. • Summarize the ideas of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois on how to address discrimination against African Americans.