The first draft of your literature review is due this Friday.

2. The first draft of your literature review is due this Friday. What about that has got you worried the most? What do you feel most confident about? If you could only ask one question about it in class today, what would it be?

4. A lit review thesis must • Make it clear that the paper is a lit review, not an argument or an “encyclopedia article.” • Express the bottom line: what is the current state of research concerning this topic? • Forecast the rest of the paper.

5. Recent publications have shown that it is imperative that the needs of the visually impaired be closely considered as the standards and protocols of this emerging market are formed so that global access to content can become an established part of the way content is produced and displayed. This literature review will consider what those needs are, how they have and have not been met in the past, and how digital print will figure into the future of print accessibility. A review of publications asking these questions reveals important problems and potential solutions concerning the authority over student work, the disparity between student and teacher perspectives regarding paper comments, and proposed methods of improving teacher responses to student writing. Recent studies have shown agreement on what effects the flat-tax would have on the economy and the simplicity of the tax system, but disagreement on whether the flat-tax is truly flat.

6. Recent publications have shown that it is imperative that the needs of the visually impaired be closely considered as the standards and protocols of this emerging market are formed so that global access to content can become an established part of the way content is produced and displayed. This literature review will consider what those needs are, how they have and have not been met in the past, and how digital print will figure into the future of print accessibility. A review of publications asking these questions reveals important problems and potential solutions concerning the authority over student work, the disparity between student and teacher perspectives regarding paper comments, and proposed methods of improving teacher responses to student writing. Recent studies have shown agreement on what effects the flat-tax would have on the economy and the simplicity of the tax system, but disagreement on whether the flat-tax is truly flat.

7. Recent publications have shown that it is imperative that the needs of the visually impaired be closely considered as the standards and protocols of this emerging market are formed so that global access to content can become an established part of the way content is produced and displayed. This literature review will consider what those needs are, how they have and have not been met in the past, and how digital print will figure into the future of print accessibility. A review of publications asking these questions reveals important problems and potential solutions concerning the authority over student work, the disparity between student and teacher perspectives regarding paper comments, and proposed methods of improving teacher responses to student writing. Recent studies have shown agreement on what effects the flat-tax would have on the economy and the simplicity of the tax system, but disagreement on whether the flat-tax is truly flat.

8. Recent publications have shown thatit is imperative that the needs of the visually impaired be closely considered as the standards and protocols of this emerging market are formed so that global access to content can become an established part of the way content is produced and displayed. This literature review will consider what those needs are, how they have and have not been met in the past, and how digital print will figure into the future of print accessibility. A review of publications asking these questionsrevealsimportant problems and potential solutions concerningthe authority over student work, the disparity between student and teacher perspectives regarding paper comments, and proposed methods of improving teacher responses to student writing. Recent studies have shownagreement on what effects the flat-tax would have on the economy and the simplicity of the tax system, but disagreement on whether the flat-tax is truly flat.

9. Body Paragraphs • Topic Sentence • the main idea of the paragraph • how it relates to the thesis • Evidence • summary, paraphrase, and quotation from sources • Commentary • synthesizing language • Conclusion • restate main idea

10. Researchers in this field agree that people need access to printed text. Strobel et al. claim that because printed materials “permeate every facet of our lives . . . . the average person with visual impairment experiences frustration every day” (89). Harrison further argues that because the loss of vision results in a “negative emotional reaction” akin to the grieving process, access to text through reading aids is important in combating “social isolation” (215). Indeed, research has shown that there is no qualitative difference in the way sighted and impaired people read. A study of Norwegian children with low vision found that despite their disability, the children used the same neurological processes to read as their able-bodies peers; thus, their reading differed quantitatively rather than qualitatively from sighted readers. The researchers add that because this quantitative difference can be improved upon by gaining further experience with and exposure to reading, it is important that low-vision students be given opportunities for additional practice: “when perception is difficult, as it is for students with low vision, it may affect the children’s motivation to read” (Bosman et al. 218). This requires texts accessible to readers regardless of their level of impairment.

11. Researchers in this field agree that people need access to printed text. Strobel et al. claim that because printed materials “permeate every facet of our lives . . . . the average person with visual impairment experiences frustration every day” (89). Harrison further argues that because the loss of vision results in a “negative emotional reaction” akin to the grieving process, access to text through reading aids is important in combating “social isolation” (215). Indeed, research has shown that there is no qualitative difference in the way sighted and impaired people read. A study of Norwegian children with low vision found that despite their disability, the children used the same neurological processes to read as their able-bodies peers; thus, their reading differed quantitatively rather than qualitatively from sighted readers. The researchers add that because this quantitative difference can be improved upon by gaining further experience with and exposure to reading, it is important that low-vision students be given opportunities for additional practice: “when perception is difficult, as it is for students with low vision, it may affect the children’s motivation to read” (Bosman et al. 218). This requires texts accessible to readers regardless of their level of impairment.

12. Researchers in this field agree that people need access to printed text. Strobel et al. claim that because printed materials “permeate every facet of our lives . . . . the average person with visual impairment experiences frustration every day” (89). Harrison further argues that because the loss of vision results in a “negative emotional reaction” akin to the grieving process, access to text through reading aids is important in combating “social isolation” (215). Indeed, research has shown that there is no qualitative difference in the way sighted and impaired people read. A study of Norwegian children with low vision found that despite their disability, the children used the same neurological processes to read as their able-bodies peers; thus, their reading differed quantitatively rather than qualitatively from sighted readers. The researchers add that because this quantitative difference can be improved upon by gaining further experience with and exposure to reading, it is important that low-vision students be given opportunities for additional practice: “when perception is difficult, as it is for students with low vision, it may affect the children’s motivation to read” (Bosman et al. 218).This requires texts accessible to readers regardless of their level of impairment.

13. Researchers in this field agree that people need access to printed text. Strobel et al. claim that because printed materials “permeate every facet of our lives . . . . the average person with visual impairment experiences frustration every day” (89). Harrisonfurther argues that because the loss of vision results in a “negative emotional reaction” akin to the grieving process, access to text through reading aids is important in combating “social isolation” (215). Indeed, research has shown that there is no qualitative difference in the way sighted and impaired people read. A study of Norwegian children with low vision found that despite their disability, the children used the same neurological processes to read as their able-bodies peers; thus, their reading differed quantitatively rather than qualitatively from sighted readers. The researchers add that because this quantitative difference can be improved upon by gaining further experience with and exposure to reading, it is important that low-vision students be given opportunities for additional practice: “when perception is difficult, as it is for students with low vision, it may affect the children’s motivation to read” (Bosman et al. 218).This requires texts accessible to readers regardless of their level of impairment.

14. Introduction • Hook • Background Info • Thesis • Makes clear that it’s a lit review • Reveals the bottom line • Forecasts paper’s organization • Subtopic1 • Topic sentence • Reiterates that it’s a lit review • Reveals bottom line for the paragraph or section • Ties back to overall thesis • Evidence • Quotation, Paraphrase, Summary • Commentary • Synthesizing language draws connections between sources, reveals what is known and unknown • Conclusion • Restates topic sentence • Subtopic 2 • Conclusion • Restates thesis, maybe in greater detail • Identifies gaps in knowledge and, thus, future directions for research • Introduction • Hook • Thesis • Makes clear that it’s a lit review • Reveals the bottom line • Forecasts paper’s organization • BackgroundInfo • Defines key terms • Gives brief historical or technical overview • Subtopic1 • Topic sentence • Reiterates that it’s a lit review • Reveals bottom line for the paragraph or section • Ties back to overall thesis • Evidence • Quotation, Paraphrase, Summary • Commentary • Synthesizing language draws connections between sources, reveals what is known and unknown • Conclusion • Restates topic sentence • Comments on what it not yet known about this subtopic • Subtopic 2 • Subtopic 3 (and so on) • Conclusion • Restates thesis, maybe in greater detail • Identifies gaps in knowledge and, thus, future directions for research

15. Subtopics can be arranged around many things • Methods • Types of Causes or Effects • Demographics • Areas of Influence • Pros and Cons • Competing Theories