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WP2: ‘Shifting Baselines’ Early Results

WP2: ‘Shifting Baselines’ Early Results. David J Starkey Maritime Historical Studies Centre Blaydes House University of Hull INCOFISH Workshop La Paz 13 March 2007. The Stuff of Legends. Publications 2. Validation of Source Material 3. Valid Data to Online Resource.

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WP2: ‘Shifting Baselines’ Early Results

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  1. WP2: ‘Shifting Baselines’ Early Results David J Starkey Maritime Historical Studies Centre Blaydes House University of Hull INCOFISH Workshop La Paz 13 March 2007 The Stuff of Legends

  2. Publications • 2.Validation of Source Material • 3. Valid Data to Online Resource Structure of Presentation

  3. 1. Publications 1 paper published 1 paper accepted 15 submitted, including 13 for special issue Fisheries Research 7 papers in preparation 2 ‘scholarly websites’

  4. Published Paper John K Pinnegar, Trevor Hutton & Vicenzo Placenti ‘What relative seafood prices can tell us about the status of stocks’ Fish and Fisheries, 2006, 7, 219-26 ‘CEFAS Scientific Paper of the Year’ £500 Prize!

  5. Accepted for publication in 2007: John K Pinnegar & Georg H Engelhard ‘The “shifting baseline” phenomenon: a global perspective’ Reviews in Fish Biology & Fisheries 7 papers in preparation 15 papers in review, including . . .

  6. Fisheries Research - special INCOFISH/HMAP issue(Henn Ojaveer & B.R. MacKenzie, eds) • Poulsen, R., Cooper, A.,Holm, P. ‘The importance of historical baselines to fisheries management - an abundance estimate of ling (Molvamolva) and cod (Gadus morhua) the northeastern North Sea, 1872’ • Poulsen, B., Holm, P. ‘A fishery of historical magnitude. Reconstructing the 17th-19th centuries catches of herring, eel, whitefish and plaice in Limfjorden, Denmark’ • Bager, M., Søndergaard, M. K. ‘The Danish Baltic Sea fisheries c. 1875-1911’ • MacKenzie, B. R., Myers, R. A.‘The development of the northern European fishery for north Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) during 1900-1950’ • Eero, M., MacKenzie, B. R., Karlsdottir, H. ‘Dynamics of international fisheries for cod (Gadus Gaumiga, R.morhua) in the eastern Baltic Sea during 1880-1938’ • Enghoff, I. B., MacKenzie, B. R. Nielsen, E. E. ‘The Danish fish fauna during the warm Atlantic period (ca. 7000 - 3900 BC): forerunner of future changes?’

  7. Fisheries Research (special issue), continued • Lotze, H.‘Rise and fall of fishing and marine resource use in the Wadden Sea, southern North Sea’ • Gaumiga, R., Karlsons, G., Uzars, D. ‘Gulf of Riga (Baltic Sea) fisheries in the late 17th century’ • Ojaveer, H. Lajus, J., Ojaveer, H., Tammiksaar, E.‘Fishing in the NE Baltic during the 19th century: what can be learned from the archives of Karl Ernst von Baer?’ • Lajus, D., Alekseeva, Y., Lajus, J.‘Herring fisheries in the White and Barents Sea in the 18th - beginning of the 20th cc: factors effecting the catch fluctuations’ • Lajus, D., Dmitrieva, Z., Kraikovski,Lajus, J., Yurchenko, A., AlexandrovD. ‘Historical records of the 17 – 18th century fisheries for Atlantic salmon in northern Russia: methodology and case studies of population dynamics’ • Lajus, J., Kraikovski, A., Lajus, D. ‘Coastal fisheries in the Gulf of Finland basin in the 15-20th centuries on the base of Russian historical sources’ • Ojaveer, H., Awebro, K., Karlsdottir, H. MacKenzie, B.‘Swedish Baltic Sea fisheries during c. 1870-1913:spatio-temporal dynamics of catch and fishing effort’

  8. 2. Validation of Source Material Primary Sources archaeological, paleo-ecological, material culture, ‘history on the ground’, oral testimony, documents Methodology the means by which raw data is transformed into ‘valid’ evidence Source Assessment & Validation provenance; corroboration; context; meaning

  9. Provenance when & how was source generated? by whom? for what purpose? is it complete? Corroboration arethe data supported by other sources? do they concur? yes - implies reliability/accuracy

  10. Context knowledge of the relevant time & space empathy with the data generators typicality of cases Meaning meaning of language significance of data For example . . .

  11. David J. Starkey British Privateering Enterprise in the 18th Century Composition of British Privateering ‘Fleet’, 1689-1815 8 wars 10,400 vessels 72 ports Peak - Feb 1781 (19,632 men) ‘expeditions’ ‘deep-water’ ‘channel’

  12. Channel Privateers South East England South West England Jersey & Guernsey Cruising Grounds English Channel & Bay of Biscay (inshore)

  13. ‘Deep-Water’ Private Ships-of-War Marquise d'Antin and Louis Erasme taken by the Duke and Prince Frederick 10 July 1745

  14. Privateering ‘Expeditions’ Cinque Ports Gally( 260 tons) St George (130 tons) William Dampier 1703-1706 Success (350 tons) Speedwell (350 tons) George Shelvocke 1718-1720 Duke(350 tons) Dutchess (300 tons) Woodes Rogers 1708-1711

  15. Gulf of California La Paz

  16. Edward Cooke, A Voyage to the South Sea and Round the Worldin the Years 1708 to 1711 (1712) George Shelvocke, A Voyage Round the World by the way of the Great South Sea (1726)

  17. Privateers and Marine Science … privateers or buccaneers had two main reasons to frequent the [Gulf of California]. The first was that for the entire 18th century this enclosed sea offered several good harbours, almost unvisited by Spaniards, where captains could careen their ships or get protection from nasty weather (Gerhard 1963). The second reason was due to Thomas Cavendish’s successful enterprise in the late 1580s in capturing ‘the Manila boat,’ a Spanish vessel that each year carried gold, jewels and other wealth between Manila and Acapulco. By the 17th century this enterprise had become a legend among English seamen [Rogers 1711 (1970)]. Andrea Saenz-Arroyo, ‘ The Value of Evidence about Past Abundance… Fish and Fisheries, 7 (2006), 128-46

  18. Pirates frequently made detailed journals of their expeditions in distant oceans. On returning home, the epic accounts of their trips were warmly welcomed by the publishers. Examples include books by Thomas Cavendish, Woodes Rogers, William Dampier, Edward Cooke and George Shelvocke. Some buccaneers left important descriptions not just of the natural world, but of the culture of the inhabitants they encountered (Fig. 2). Among them are diaries from Woodes Rogers and his companions at the beginning of the 18th century [Dampier 1697 (1968); Rogers 1711 (1970); Cooke 1712 (1969)] and George Shelvocke’s journal published in 1726 [Shelvocke 1726 (1928)]. Andrea Saenz-Arroyo, ‘ The Value of Evidence about Past Abundance… Fish and Fisheries, 7 (2006), 128-46

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