Chapter 13: North and South 1820-1860 Section 1: The North’s Economy 1.

1. Chapter 13: North and South 1820-1860 Section 1: The North’s Economy 1. • Technol0gy and Industry • Early 1800’s most people lived/worked on • farms. • Changes begin in Northern states. • Industrialization • 3 phases: 1. manufacturers made products by • dividing tasks among workers. 2. manufacturers • built factories to bring specialized workers • together, 3. workers used machinery to perform • some of their work. • mass production in NE early 1800s • Elias Howe invented sewing machine 1846 • By 1860 NE factories produced 2/3rds of U.S. • manufactured goods. • Improved Transportation • 1800 to 1850 built 1000s of miles of roads and • canals.

2. Chapter 13: North and South 1820-1860 Section 1: The North’s Economy 2. • Opened new shipping routes by connecting • lakes, rivers, with roads. • Growth of railroads in 1840s also helped speed • flow of goods. • Robert Fulton invented reliable steamboat in • 1807. Carried more goods cheaper & faster. • In 1840s, canals builders deepened and broad- • ened canals. • 1860 about 3,000 steaboats traveled major • rivers, canals, and Great Lakes. • Spurred growth of cities Cincinnatti, Buffalo, • and Chicago. • Clipper ships sleek hulls & tall sails. 300 miles • a day. As fast as steamboats. Voyages were • cut short. BY Clipper, NY to Great Britain = • about 10 to 14 days.

3. Chapter 13: North and South 1820-1860 Section 1: The North’s Economy 3. • Locomotives • First steam powered loco The Rocket began • in G. Britain in 1829. • Peter Cooper built 1st Amer. steam loco in • 1830 called Tom Thumb. Failed at first, but • within 10 years locomotive engines worked in • the U.S. • The Railway Network • 1840 almost 3000 miles of railroad tracks. • 1860 almost 31,000 miles, mostly in North and • the Midwest. • Rail lines begin to be built farther west (Ohio, • Indiana, and Illinois. • By 1860 network of railroad lines united the • Midwest and the East.

4. Chapter 13: North and South 1820-1860 Section 1: The North’s Economy 4. • Moving Goods and People • Canals & railroads transformed trade in the • interior of the U.S. • - Erie Canal in 1825. • First railroads in 1830s. • Ag. goods down Miss. to New Orleans then • shipped to other countries or East Coast. • Faster delivery of goods meant cheaper price. • Railroads also promoted settlement and in- • dustrialization of Midwest. • People settled in and populations grew in • Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. • As populations grew so did states, new towns, • and industries developed.

5. Chapter 13: North and South 1820-1860 Section 1: The North’s Economy 5. • Faster Communication • Growth of industry caused new pace of travel • and need for faster methods. • Telegraph used electrical signals to transmit • messages. Samuel Morse sent first messages • on May 24, 1844 in Washington D.C. to • Baltimore. Morse Code (series of dots and • dashes). By 1852, there were about 23,000 • miles of telegraph lines in U.S. • Agriculture • In early 1800s farmers had moved west of • Missouri and they greatly increased harvests. • Moved into Great Plains area. • Revolution in Agriculture • More difficult land called for new developments • in farm equipment.

6. Chapter 13: North and South 1820-1860 Section 1: The North’s Economy 6. • John Deereinvented steel-tipped plow in 1837. • Better than old wooden plows. • Mechanical reapersped up wheat harvests. • Mechanical threshers separated grain from • the stalk. • McCormick Reaper invented by Cyrus McCor- • mick of Virginia made a fortune selling them. It • made hand-held sickles obsolete. • Faster harvested led to more acres of crop • planted and more profits. • The North, however, turned away from farming • and expanded industry. Rocky soils. • More people began working in factories.