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Quantum Imaging: Two-Photon Imaging & Quantum OCT

Explore the use of quantum states of light in imaging and lithography, including two-photon imaging, quantum OCT, and quantum lithography. Overcome limitations of conventional imaging and lithography techniques. Discover applications in ellipsometry, absolute measurement, spatial imaging, and dispersion compensation. Challenges include improving axial resolution, increasing two-photon flux, and developing data processing algorithms.

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Quantum Imaging: Two-Photon Imaging & Quantum OCT

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  1. Quantum Imaging: Q-OCT Bahaa Saleh Alexander Sergienko Malvin Teich Quantum Imaging Lab Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering & Photonics Center MURI 6/9/05 http://www.bu.edu/qil/

  2. Outline Quantum Imaging Two-Photon Imaging Quantum OCT MURI 6/9/05

  3. Outline Quantum Imaging Two-Photon Imaging Quantum OCT MURI 6/9/05

  4. Optical Imaging = Estimation of the spatial distribution (2D, 3D, 4D) of a physical object by use of optical measurement (direct or interferometric) Reflectance Source R(x,y) Conventional Imaging Metrology Detector R(x,y,) or Spectral or Hyperspectral Imaging or Jones matrix J(x,y) Polarization-sensitive Imaging (Ellipsometry) MURI 6/9/05

  5. z Source or R(z ) Ranging Axial imaging Detector (x,y,z) or 3D Imaging Subsurface imaging Imaging may involve spatial, spectral, and/or polarization effects MURI 6/9/05

  6. Optical Lithography = Fabrication of objects with specified spatial distributions (2D, 3D) by use of optical sources and systems Source R(x,y) Source (x,y,z) MURI 6/9/05

  7. Source Ii • Noise Classical R Io Quantum Detector Io =RIi Limitations of Optical Imaging & Lithography • Resolution (transverse & axial) MURI 6/9/05

  8. Quantum Lithography = Fabrication of objects with specified spatial distribution by use of light field in a nonclassical state Quantum Imaging = Estimation of the spatial distribution of a physical object by use of light field in a nonclassical state & direct or Interferometric measurement MURI 6/9/05

  9. States of Light Saleh et al. PRA 2000 Saleh et al. PRL 2005 Nonclassical States Coherent (laser imaging) Thermal (conventional, photon-correlation imaging) … Quadrature-Squeezed Photon-Number Squeezed Two-Photon Gaussian NOON … MURI 6/9/05

  10. Outline Quantum Imaging Two-Photon Imaging Quantum OCT MURI 6/9/05

  11. Two-Photon light non-separable function  entangled state Entanglement: Spatial (momentum) Spectral Polarization 1 k1 2 k = a state of exactly two photons in multimodes (spatial/spectral/polarization) MURI 6/9/05

  12. x x H H H H o o r r Two Configurations A. Direct B. Interferometric H = Spatial, spectral, or polarization system MURI 6/9/05

  13. x H H o r A. Applications of Direct 2-Photon Imaging MURI 6/9/05

  14. Ellipsometry P SU(2) A SU(2) x Sample Toussaint et al. PRA 04 1. Correlated-Photon Absolute Measurement Measurement of reflectance/ Transmittance/ Quantum Efficiency x Sample Klyshko, SJQE 77 Branning et al. PRA 00 MURI 6/9/05

  15. x 2. Imaging (transverse) - Spatial modes Belinskii & Klyshko, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 94 Pittman et al., PRA 95 MURI 6/9/05

  16. Example: Optical Fourier transform Factor of 2 enhancement Teich & Saleh, Cesk. Cas. Fyz. 97 Boto et al., PRL 00 Abouraddy et al., JOSA-B 02 3. Two-Photon Microscopy / Lithography 2-photon absorber MURI 6/9/05

  17. x 4. Dispersion Compensation Hr() C Ho() GVD’s of opposite signs cancel Franson PRA 1992 MURI 6/9/05

  18. x H H o r B. Applications of Interferometric 2-Photon Imaging MURI 6/9/05

  19. x Interference term in C i.e., insensitive to even-order dispersion (GVD) in Ho, Steinberg, Kwiat, Chiao, PRL 92; PRA 92 Shapiro, Sun, JOSA-B 94 Larchuk, Teich, Saleh, PRA 95 Nonlocal Dispersion Cancellation Axial Imaging/Ranging Spectral Modes Hr() C Ho() MURI 6/9/05

  20. Outline Quantum Imaging Two-Photon Imaging Quantum OCT MURI 6/9/05

  21. x Q-OCT = Two-Photon Axial Imaging c C() H() z C() Dispersion-Cancellation  Abouraddy et al. PRA, 053817, 2002 Hong-Ou-Mandel Interferometer MURI 6/9/05

  22. x C(t) I(t) Kr+ 406 nm Experiment ct Detector Filter 2.2 mm 55 mW Filter NLC 8-mm LiIO3 Detector Sample Nasr et al. PRL, 91, August 2003 MURI 6/9/05

  23. 5-mm ZnSe Two Boundaries + dispersive layer 90 m fused silica Air Air 53m Classical Quantum 19m MURI 6/9/05

  24. 90-m 90-m Four Boundaries + dispersive medium in-between AIR 12-mm AIR ZnSe M. B. Nasret al.,Opt. Express 12, 1353-1362 (2004) MURI 6/9/05

  25. The Promise of Q-OCT • Q-OCT promises x2 improved axial resolution in comparison with conventional OCT for sources of same spectral bandwidth • Self-interference at each boundary is immune to GVD introduced by upper layers • Inter-boundary interference is sensitive to dispersion of inter-boundary layers; dispersion parameters can thus be estimated • Preliminary experiments demonstrated viability of technique • Technique can be extended to transverse imaging (Q-OCM) • Technique can be extended to polarization-sensitive Q-OCT MURI 6/9/05

  26. Q-OCT: Challenges & Plans • State-of-the-art linewidth is not sufficiently large (Axial resolution is only 19 m). • Two-photon flux is low. Duration of experiment is too long. A better 2-photon source is needed! Faster broadband single-photon detectoris needed! • Applications to scattering media (e.g., tissue). Theoretical & experimental research is necessary. • Algorithms for data processing need to be developed. MURI 6/9/05

  27. Reprints http://www.bu.edu/qil/ MURI 6/9/05

  28. 70 o = 812 nm 60 Resolution (m) Ti:Al2O3,  = 140 nm 50 40 30 SLD  = 61 nm 8-mm LiIO3  = 12 nm 20 better SLD  = 26 nm QOCT 10 1-mm LiIO3,  = 60 nm OCT mm 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Penetration Length in H2O Anterior segment Cornea OCT in Ocular Imaging &QOCT Posterior segment Eye Comparison of OCT & QOCT MURI 6/9/05

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