Electronic Marketing

1. Electronic Marketing Chapter 5An Introduction to the Internet 2004 Joel Reedy and Shauna Schullo

2. The Internet as a Whole • The Internet began as a federal government project and is still growing because of the support of the government • More recently, the Internet has evolved to satisfy the demands of commercial interests 2004 Joel Reedy and Shauna Schullo

3. The Internet as a Whole • What is the Internet exactly? • The Internet is a worldwide computer network accessed via modem, special communication lines or even satellite • The Internet connects universities, government laboratories, businesses, and individuals around the world • It can be thought of as a virtual community of cooperation, which covers the entire globe, spanning political, economical, and cultural spectrums • The Internet is “virtual” in that it has no physical “home” or dimension, weight, or texture 2004 Joel Reedy and Shauna Schullo

4. The Internet as a Whole • There is a significant difference between the Internet and commercial online services • The online services are centrally controlled and programmed to serve the likes of the subscribers • The Internet is decentralized with little control by any party 2004 Joel Reedy and Shauna Schullo

5. History of the Internet • In the Beginning • The first recorded description of interactions through networking was in a series of memos written by J.C.R. Licklider of MIT in August 1962 • In 1969, an experimental computer network called ARPANET was created to provide a test-bed for emerging network technologies 2004 Joel Reedy and Shauna Schullo

6. History of the Internet • In the Beginning continued… • In 1973, Bob Kahn of DARPA posed an Internet problem that initiated the “Internetting” research program to develop communication protocols or agreed-upon standards, allowing networked computers to communicate transparently across multiple, linked packet networks. • “Packets” - information broken into many smaller units that are easier to route through the network • “Packet switching” - information, be it a text message, a photograph or illustration, motion, or sound is disassembled at the origin of the message into smaller packets 2004 Joel Reedy and Shauna Schullo

7. History of the Internet • “Internetting” continued… • The system of protocols, which was developed over the course of this research effort, became known as the TCP/IP Protocol Suite • In 1971, Ray Tomlinson of Bolt Beranek Newman (BBN, www.bbn.com) invented the first e-mail program that could send messages across a distributed network • In 1972, the first e-mail utility to list, selectively read, file, forward, and respond to messages was released • The evolution of Telnet was developed by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) and File Transfer Protocol (FTP) 2004 Joel Reedy and Shauna Schullo

8. An Online Community Begins • During 1980 through 1981, two other networking projects, BITNET and CSNET, were initiated • Computer Science NETwork (CSNET) was initially funded by the National Science Foundation to provide networking services for university, industry, government, and computer science research groups with no access to ARPANET • At its peak, CSNET had approximately two hundred participation sites and international connections to approximately fifteen countries 2004 Joel Reedy and Shauna Schullo

9. The Revolution Starts with the Explosion of Personal Computers (PCs) • In 1982 and 1983, the first desktop PC began to appear • During 1985 through 1986, the U.S. National Science Foundation connected the nation’s six supercomputing centers together. This network was called the NSFNET, or NSFNET backbone, and today, provides a major backbone communication service for the Internet • In 1986, the Internet Engineering Task Force and Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) came into existence under the IAB to assist in the organization and standardization of the Internet 2004 Joel Reedy and Shauna Schullo

10. Problems and Solutions • 1988 - One of the first hard times for the Internet, an Internet worm burrowed through the Net, affecting approximately 6,000 of the 60,000 host computers • Soon after the worm incident, DARPA formed the Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) • 2001 - viruses such as Code Red, SirCam, Nimda, and the Klez.H worm plagued administrators and users alike • Information on viruses and hoaxes can readily be found on the Internet with a simple search 2004 Joel Reedy and Shauna Schullo

11. The Internet Takes Off • 1989 - to keep up with the demand for information, the NSFNET backbone was upgraded to “T1;” it is was now able to transmit data at speeds of 1.5 million bits of data per second, or about fifty pages of text per second • In 1991, the University of Minnesota developed Gopher • The European Laboratory for Particle Physics in Switzerland (CERN, www.cern.ch/) introduced the World Wide Web (WWW.w3.org/) 2004 Joel Reedy and Shauna Schullo

12. The Internet Takes Off • To ensure privacy on the newly formed Web, Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) security program was released • In 1992, the Internet Society (ISOC) was chartered; this organization is a voluntary membership whose purpose is to promote global information exchange through Internet technology 2004 Joel Reedy and Shauna Schullo

13. The Internet Takes Off • The first audio multicast (March 1992) and video multicast (November 1992) were seen and heard on the Internet • In 1993, the NSFNET backbone network was upgraded to “T3” meaning it is able to transmit data at speeds of 45 million bits of data per second, or about 1,400 pages of text per second 2004 Joel Reedy and Shauna Schullo

14. The World Goes Graphical • During the period of 1993 through 1994, the graphical Web browsers Mosaic and Netscape Navigator were introduced and spread through the Internet community • WWW Worms are joined by Spiders, Wanderers, Crawlers, and Snakes which are programs that make it easier to find information on the Internet 2004 Joel Reedy and Shauna Schullo

15. Consumers Go Online • Communities began to be wired up directly to the Internet • The Web surpassed FTP in March 1995, based on byte count • Registration of domain names was no longer free; beginning September 14, 1995, a $50 annual fee was imposed • In 1996, the Internet allowed phone companies to sign up users providing the user access to the Internet; and various ISPs suffered extended service outages, bringing into question whether they would be able to handle the growing number of users 2004 Joel Reedy and Shauna Schullo

16. Consumers Go Online • In 1997, the American Registry of Internet Numbers (ARIN) was established to handle administration and registration of IP numbers to the geographical areas currently handled by Network Solutions • In 1998, Robert H. Zakon released a Web-based version of the Hobbes Internet Timeline http://www.isoc.org/guest/zakon/Internet/History/HIT.html • In February of 1999, the First Internet Bank of Indiana, became the first full-service bank available online on the Internet. 2004 Joel Reedy and Shauna Schullo

17. Consumers Go Online • The U.S. State Court ruled that domain names are property and may be garnished • Our first large-scale cyberwar took place simultaneously with the war in Serbia/Kosovo • In 2000, the year of the Millennium, the U.S. timekeeper (USNO) and a few other time services around the world reported the New Year as 1900 2004 Joel Reedy and Shauna Schullo

18. Consumers Go Online • The year 2000, saw successful hacks of RSA Security, Apache, Western Union and Microsoft • In February of 2001, the world enjoyed the first live distributed musical – The Technophobe & the Madman – over Internet2 networks. • The European Council finalized an international cybercrime treaty which became the first treaty addressing criminal offenses over the Internet. 2004 Joel Reedy and Shauna Schullo

19. Current Internet Usage Trends • A good place to start looking at the statistical data on Internet trends and usage is a Yahoo! home page address, (www.yahoo.com/Computers_and_Internet/Internet/Statistics_and_Demographics/), where many useful sites are listed under “Computers and Internet/Internet/Statistics” • Stat Market (www.statmarket.com), a global site that keeps statistics on most used browsers, operating systems, busiest times of the day, and other useful Internet usage research 2004 Joel Reedy and Shauna Schullo

20. Current Internet Usage Trends • Through a Web address, additional information on Web travelers can be obtained • You can glean some information about the person or organization that created a Web page by the address or Uniform Resource Locator (URL) of the page you are viewing 2004 Joel Reedy and Shauna Schullo

21. Current Internet Operation and Tools • The architecture of the Internet is simple. • It is based on the concept of a client-server relationship between computers and a line of transmission • The network is flexible, the computer can be linked through • Telephone modems • Cable modems • Fiber optic • Microwave • Satellite transmission 2004 Joel Reedy and Shauna Schullo

22. Current Internet Operation and Tools • E-mail stands for electronic mail. It was designed for personal and business communications through the Internet • To use e-mail, a user must have an electronic post office or e-mail address. This address is comprised of: • A user name • A machine or host name • A domain • Along with e-mail come List Servers or listservs 2004 Joel Reedy and Shauna Schullo

23. Current Internet Operation and Tools • Telnet • Host has a gateway to other hosts • Access remote Multi-User Dimensions (MUDs) • Multi-User Simulation Environments (MUSEs) • File Transfer Protocol • The World Wide Web • Search Tools 2004 Joel Reedy and Shauna Schullo