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Exchange Processe s Between the Earth‘s Surface and the Atmosphere

Exchange Processe s Between the Earth‘s Surface and the Atmosphere. Energy budget Boundary layers Observations. Climatic system: Open components Coupling between individual components Boundary layers (fluxes of matter, energy and momentum). Energy Budget at the Surface

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Exchange Processe s Between the Earth‘s Surface and the Atmosphere

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  1. Exchange Processes Between the Earth‘s Surface and the Atmosphere Energy budget Boundary layers Observations

  2. Climatic system: Open components Coupling between individual components Boundary layers (fluxes of matter, energy and momentum) Energy Budget at the Surface Fradsfs = FSWs (1-A sfs)-T4+ FLW Fradsfs is the net radiative flux, FSWs is the short-wave radiation A sfs is the albedo • is the infrared emissivity, FLW is the lnog-wave radiation (back radiation)

  3. From the conservation of energy for ideal surface it follows: Fradsfs - FSH -FLH  -FG -FM =0 FSH =is the sensible heat flux (differences in temperatures of the surface and the air) FLH =LeE is the latent heat flux (mostly evaporation) FG is the sensible heat flux to or from the soil/water (mainly due to heat conduction) FM = LM(Ms-Fs), melting (Ms) and freezing (Fs) rates For annual mean conditions: FG =0 and we have for land Fradsfs - FSH -LeE-LM(Ms-Fs)=0

  4. Energy budget of a layer This is valid if there are no sources or sinks of energy within the slab, c-specific heat This is valid if  and c are constant Variations of temperature can be used to estimate the heat fluxes into the ground

  5. Dynamic Structure of the Atmosphere Newtonean law: Logaritmic layer

  6. Exchange of Heat Trough Sensible Heat Eddy correlation approach Bulk aerodynamic approach

  7. Exchange of Heat Trough Water Exchange/Evaporation

  8. Cd is a function of stability, surface roughnes, etc.

  9. 0.02-0.04W/m2

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